===== Ur III Receipts ===== Ur III receipts are the most numerous documents from the Ur III period, and quite possibly from the entire ancient Near East. All Ur III receipts were summarized in accounts (in either the 'credits' or the 'debits' section). As a rule receipts were sealed. Unsealed receipts were presumably originally encased in a sealed envelope. \\ \\ === Simple Receipts === In its most simple form an Ur III receipts contained only the following elements:\\ \\ //product//\\ //delivering agent//\\ //recipient//\\ //seal//\\ //date//\\ \\ The name of the delivering agent would be framed by ki ...-ta, and the name of the recipient followed by the composite verb šu ti, usually in the simple form šu ba-ti ('he received').\\ \\ Sample text:\\ \\ [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P100701|Aleppo 369]] (Umma, Shulgi 37th year month 4)\\ obverse \\ 1. 1(diš) udu kur-ra ba-uš₂ \\ //1 sheep of the mountain (= non-indigenous), dead,//\\ 2. ki ur-ru-ta \\ //from Urru//\\ 3. a-kal-la šu ba-ti\\ //A(ya)-kala received.//\\ 4. iti nesag \\ //Month: "First fruits."//\\ reverse \\ (seal impression) \\ 1. mu ^dšul-gi lugal-e bad₃ ma-da mu-du₃ \\ //Year: "Shulgi, the king, build the wall of the land".//\\ seal \\ 1. a-kal-la \\ //A(ya)-kala,//\\ 2. dub-sar \\ //scribe,//\\ 3. dumu ur-nigar{gar} šuš₃ \\ //child of Ur-Nigar, chief cattle administrator.//\\ In very many instances of course much more detail concerning the transaction was given, very frequent too, more than one item was transferred. The resulting receipts were correspondingly more complex.\\ Sample text:\\ [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P104471|AUCT 3, 255]] (Umma, Amar-Suen 6th year)\\ obverse \\ 1. 2(diš) ^gikid šu₂ ma₂ \\ //2 mats, cover for boats,//\\ 2. ki a-gu-ta \\ //From Agu//\\ 3. ma2 siskur₂ unu^ki \\ //(For) the boat of offerings for Uruk//\\ 4. lugal-e-ba-an-sa₆ \\ //Lugal-ebansa,//\\ 5. šu ba-ti\\ //received.//\\ reverse \\ 1. ša₃ bala \\ //within the bala-period.//\\ (seal impression) 2. mu a-ra₂ 2(diš)-kam ša-aš-šu₂-ru-um^ki mu-hul \\ //Year: "šašurum was destroyed for the second time."//\\ seal\\ 1. lu₂-kal-la \\ //Lu-kala,//\\ 2. dub-sar \\ //scribe,//\\ 3. dumu ur-e₁₁-e šuš₃ \\ //child of Ur-E'e, chief cattle administrator.//\\ === Receipts mentioning a Conveyor (giri3) === Some Ur III receipts mentions a 'conveyor' (giri3), whose exact function in the transaction is unclear. The conveyor can seal the transaction. Sample text:\\ [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P106162|BIN 3, 356]] (Puzriš-Dagan, ŠS 5 - 7 - 28)\\ obverse \\ 1. 2(aš) gu2 3(u) ma-na siki GI\\ //Two gu and 30 mana of yellow wool //\\ 2. [na₄] 1(aš) gu2 2(diš) ma-na-ta\\ //according to the 1 gu 2 mana stone.//\\ 3. [bar udu] mu-ku_x(DU)-ra\\ //Fleece of ‘delivered’ sheep. //\\ 4. mu-ku_x(DU)\\ //mu-ku delivery. //\\ 5. lu₂-kal-la\\ //Lu-kala//\\ reverse \\ 1. šu ba-ti\\ //received//\\ 2. giri₃ nu-ur₂-^dsuen dub-sar\\ //Conveyor: Nur-Suen. //\\ 3. u₄ 2(u) 8(diš)-kam\\ //On the 28th day. //\\ 4. iti a₂-ki-ti\\ //Month: “New Year”. //\\ 5. mu us₂-sa ^dšu-^dsuen lugal uri₅^ki-ma-ke₄ bad₃ mar-tu mu-ri-iq-ti-id-ni-im mu-du₃\\ //Year following: “Šu-Suen king of Ur built the Amorite wall (called) Muriq-tidnim”.//\\ seal\\ column 1 \\ 1. ^d[šu-^d]suen \\ //Shu-Suen//\\ 2. lugal kal-ga \\ //Strong king//\\ 3. lugal uri₅^ki-ma \\ //king of Ur//\\ 4. lugal an ub-da limmu₂-ba \\ //king of the the four quarters//\\ column 2 \\ 1. nu-ur₂-^dsuen \\ //Nur-Suen//\\ 2. dub-sar \\ //scribe//\\ 3. dumu [i-di₃-er₃-ra] \\ //son of Idi(n)-Erra//\\ ===Receipt duplicates=== Some 800 primary documents from the Ur III period include the technincal term gaba-ri (kišib3(-ba)), “duplicate (of the sealed document (of)).” More than a quarter of these examples stem from the ancient city of Garshana. \\