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| ===== Proto-cuneiform ===== | ===== Proto-cuneiform ===== | ||
| - | ===== A Short History of Proto-Cuneiform | + | ==== A Short History of Proto-Cuneiform ==== |
| (from: Hans J. Nissen, Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englund, Archaic Bookkeeping [University of Chicago Press: Chicago 1993]) | (from: Hans J. Nissen, Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englund, Archaic Bookkeeping [University of Chicago Press: Chicago 1993]) | ||
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| The earliest true script in man's history emerged at the end of the fourth millennium B.C. in ancient Babylonia, the southern part of today' | The earliest true script in man's history emerged at the end of the fourth millennium B.C. in ancient Babylonia, the southern part of today' | ||
| + | <box 320px right> | ||
| Most of the tablets of this early phase were found during the excavations in the ancient city of Uruk in lower Babylonia, conducted by the German Archaeological Institute from 1913 up to the present day and interrupted only by the two world wars and regional conflicts. During the seasons from 1928 until 1976, nearly 5000 such tablets and fragments were unearthed, forming the basic material for a long-term research project dedicated to the decipherment and edition of these texts. | Most of the tablets of this early phase were found during the excavations in the ancient city of Uruk in lower Babylonia, conducted by the German Archaeological Institute from 1913 up to the present day and interrupted only by the two world wars and regional conflicts. During the seasons from 1928 until 1976, nearly 5000 such tablets and fragments were unearthed, forming the basic material for a long-term research project dedicated to the decipherment and edition of these texts. | ||
| - | ===== The dates and circumstances of discovery of the archaic tablets from Uruk ===== | + | ==== The dates and circumstances of discovery of the archaic tablets from Uruk ==== |
| The most prominent archaeological site of the Late Uruk period is the ancient city of Uruk, today a vast landscape of ruins in southern Babylonia. Since early in the twentieth century, German archaeologists have been carrying out excavations at regular intervals at the site (with interruptions during the two world wars and regional conflicts), which was continuously occupied from the fifth millennium B.C. until its abandonment in the fifth century A.D. | The most prominent archaeological site of the Late Uruk period is the ancient city of Uruk, today a vast landscape of ruins in southern Babylonia. Since early in the twentieth century, German archaeologists have been carrying out excavations at regular intervals at the site (with interruptions during the two world wars and regional conflicts), which was continuously occupied from the fifth millennium B.C. until its abandonment in the fifth century A.D. | ||
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| For the time before 2000 B.C., eighteen archaic layers, counting from top to bottom, were identified within Eanna, the central, sacred precinct of the city. Those layers numbered VIII to IV were ascribed to the Late Uruk period, layer III to the Jemdet Nasr period. Layer I with its subphases dates to the Early Dynastic period (layer II turned out to have been an erroneous designation and has therefore been excluded from current terminology). | For the time before 2000 B.C., eighteen archaic layers, counting from top to bottom, were identified within Eanna, the central, sacred precinct of the city. Those layers numbered VIII to IV were ascribed to the Late Uruk period, layer III to the Jemdet Nasr period. Layer I with its subphases dates to the Early Dynastic period (layer II turned out to have been an erroneous designation and has therefore been excluded from current terminology). | ||
| + | <box 420px left> | ||
| The extensive buildings of the Uruk III levels were erected on great terraces after the older buildings had been razed and their grounds leveled. Thus, surface pits and holes were filled with cultural waste, consisting of weathered and broken mud-bricks as well as ash, animal remains, pottery sherds, and the like. This debris had apparently been taken from large waste deposits located elsewhere, which seemingly had been left by the great storage facilities from the lower levels whenever they were cleared of refuse. In this manner, large amounts of various kinds of once sealed objects found their way into the debris. After authorized individuals had broken sealed stoppers or collars in order to gain access to the stored contents of containers, the fragmented sealings may have been kept somewhere for control purposes but then lost their purpose and were consequently disposed of. | The extensive buildings of the Uruk III levels were erected on great terraces after the older buildings had been razed and their grounds leveled. Thus, surface pits and holes were filled with cultural waste, consisting of weathered and broken mud-bricks as well as ash, animal remains, pottery sherds, and the like. This debris had apparently been taken from large waste deposits located elsewhere, which seemingly had been left by the great storage facilities from the lower levels whenever they were cleared of refuse. In this manner, large amounts of various kinds of once sealed objects found their way into the debris. After authorized individuals had broken sealed stoppers or collars in order to gain access to the stored contents of containers, the fragmented sealings may have been kept somewhere for control purposes but then lost their purpose and were consequently disposed of. | ||
| Written documents were unquestionably treated in the same way. They served to carry out future checks on, for example, the amounts of barley delivered to a particular granary on a specified day or to keep track of the amounts of barley or beer distributed to named laborers. After a certain time had lapsed, this information was no longer useful. Consequently, | Written documents were unquestionably treated in the same way. They served to carry out future checks on, for example, the amounts of barley delivered to a particular granary on a specified day or to keep track of the amounts of barley or beer distributed to named laborers. After a certain time had lapsed, this information was no longer useful. Consequently, | ||
| + | |||
| + | <box 420px right|Examples of Uruk IV (above, excavation no. [[http:// | ||
| Since the tablets had become irrelevant before they were disposed of in the rubbish dump that was used as a source of fill for surface irregularities of the large terrace below the buildings of Archaic Level III, they were obviously older than the earliest subphase of that layer. Although we are left in the dark as to their exact date or origin, we can assume that they are not older than the buildings of Archaic Level IV, since no tablets were found in the layers below them. Unfortunately, | Since the tablets had become irrelevant before they were disposed of in the rubbish dump that was used as a source of fill for surface irregularities of the large terrace below the buildings of Archaic Level III, they were obviously older than the earliest subphase of that layer. Although we are left in the dark as to their exact date or origin, we can assume that they are not older than the buildings of Archaic Level IV, since no tablets were found in the layers below them. Unfortunately, | ||
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| Despite the relatively safe assignment of these tablet groups to the archaic building layers IVa and IIIb, we have been forced to abandon the habit of referring to them as tablets from the respective levels. In order to stress that the dates of the tablets were not established as the result of a direct link between them and their stratigraphic location, we modified the terminology slightly to indicate the paleographic development of the script employed in the texts. Consequently, | Despite the relatively safe assignment of these tablet groups to the archaic building layers IVa and IIIb, we have been forced to abandon the habit of referring to them as tablets from the respective levels. In order to stress that the dates of the tablets were not established as the result of a direct link between them and their stratigraphic location, we modified the terminology slightly to indicate the paleographic development of the script employed in the texts. Consequently, | ||
| - | ===== Other archaic texts ===== | + | ==== Other archaic texts ==== |
| + | <box 420px left> | ||
| The tablets from Uruk, however, are not the only archaic documents known from this period. Similar tablets have been found in the northern Babylonian site of Jemdet Nasr, and some few originate from the sites of Khafaji and Tell Uqair, likewise situated in the northern part of Babylonia. Although their number is small in comparison to the corpus from Uruk, they share a great advantage for our research efforts. Whereas all of the Uruk tablets, found in dumps where they had been discarded after they were no longer of use, were as a rule in a fragmentary state, the tablets from the other sites were often fully preserved, presenting us with their complete original information. As will be seen in the following discussion, we are faced with the problem of deciphering texts of which both script and language are unknown. Hence most arguments have to be derived from the internal context of the tablets themselves. Textual analysis thus depends on information as complete as possible. | The tablets from Uruk, however, are not the only archaic documents known from this period. Similar tablets have been found in the northern Babylonian site of Jemdet Nasr, and some few originate from the sites of Khafaji and Tell Uqair, likewise situated in the northern part of Babylonia. Although their number is small in comparison to the corpus from Uruk, they share a great advantage for our research efforts. Whereas all of the Uruk tablets, found in dumps where they had been discarded after they were no longer of use, were as a rule in a fragmentary state, the tablets from the other sites were often fully preserved, presenting us with their complete original information. As will be seen in the following discussion, we are faced with the problem of deciphering texts of which both script and language are unknown. Hence most arguments have to be derived from the internal context of the tablets themselves. Textual analysis thus depends on information as complete as possible. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <box 420px right|An example from the recently acquired Erlenmeyer collection, [[http:// | ||
| The number of completely preserved tablets available to us has been considerably augmented recently. Toward the end of 1988, a group of 82 archaic tablets, formerly part of the Swiss Erlenmeyer Collection in Basel, was auctioned off in London. Although their existence had been known since their purchase by the Erlenmeyers in the late 1950s, these tablets had not been subjected to detailed study. Through the good offices of the Senate of Berlin, it was possible to purchase most of these tablets for our research. We wish to take this opportunity to again thank the Berlin authorities for this generous support of our work. The authorities of the British Museum (London), the Louvre (Paris) and the Metropolitan Museum (New York) joined us in our efforts to secure most of the archaic tablets of that collection for public institutions, | The number of completely preserved tablets available to us has been considerably augmented recently. Toward the end of 1988, a group of 82 archaic tablets, formerly part of the Swiss Erlenmeyer Collection in Basel, was auctioned off in London. Although their existence had been known since their purchase by the Erlenmeyers in the late 1950s, these tablets had not been subjected to detailed study. Through the good offices of the Senate of Berlin, it was possible to purchase most of these tablets for our research. We wish to take this opportunity to again thank the Berlin authorities for this generous support of our work. The authorities of the British Museum (London), the Louvre (Paris) and the Metropolitan Museum (New York) joined us in our efforts to secure most of the archaic tablets of that collection for public institutions, | ||
| - | ===== The work of the project Archaische Texte aus Uruk ===== | + | === The work of the project Archaische Texte aus Uruk ==== |
| A long-term interdisciplinary research project Archaische Texte aus Uruk, directed by Hans J. Nissen, a leading specialist at the Free University of Berlin in the political and economic history of early Mesopotamia, | A long-term interdisciplinary research project Archaische Texte aus Uruk, directed by Hans J. Nissen, a leading specialist at the Free University of Berlin in the political and economic history of early Mesopotamia, | ||
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| Obviously such concepts involved in the study of the origin of writing are beyond the traditional realm of philology; yet it is equally obvious that any study without a solid philological background would be condemned to failure. The phenomenon of the origin of writing demands an interdisciplinary approach such as we have enjoyed in Berlin; perhaps our approach is not even diversified enough. It derives from our conviction that deciphering the archaic documents does not mean to merely translate them into a modern language, because they were not primarily meant to render language. Decipherment for us rather means the reconstruction of the social context and function of the documents, the study of the dynamics of the development of writing toward a comprehensively applicable instrument of intellectual life, and the examination of the consequences this development had for our way of thinking and our treatment of information. The early documents can thus be freed of some of their ambiguity, but also of their apparent simplicity, and so become early witnesses of the origin and the basic structures of our literate culture. | Obviously such concepts involved in the study of the origin of writing are beyond the traditional realm of philology; yet it is equally obvious that any study without a solid philological background would be condemned to failure. The phenomenon of the origin of writing demands an interdisciplinary approach such as we have enjoyed in Berlin; perhaps our approach is not even diversified enough. It derives from our conviction that deciphering the archaic documents does not mean to merely translate them into a modern language, because they were not primarily meant to render language. Decipherment for us rather means the reconstruction of the social context and function of the documents, the study of the dynamics of the development of writing toward a comprehensively applicable instrument of intellectual life, and the examination of the consequences this development had for our way of thinking and our treatment of information. The early documents can thus be freed of some of their ambiguity, but also of their apparent simplicity, and so become early witnesses of the origin and the basic structures of our literate culture. | ||
| - | ===== External links ===== | + | ==== External links ==== |
| - | + | ||
| - | Peter Damerow, "The Origins of Writing as a Problem of Historical Epistemology | + | |
| - | [[http:// | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englund. “Die Zahlzeichensysteme der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk,” in: M. W. Green and H. J. Nissen, Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk (=ATU 2; Berlin 1987) 117-166 [[http:// | + | |
| - | Peter Damerow, | + | Peter Damerow, [[http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/en/forschung/Preprints/P114.PDF|“The Origins of Writing as a Problem of Historical Epistemology”]] |
| - | id., “Die ersten Zahldarstellungen und die Entwicklung des Zahlbegriffs, | + | Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englund. [[http:// |
| - | id., “Zur rechnergestützten Bearbeitung der archaischen Texte aus Mesopotamien, | + | Peter Damerow, Robert K. Englund and Hans J. Nissen. |
| - | id., “Indrukken in Klei: Het begin van det getal,” Natuur & Techniek 59 (1991) 696-707 | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | id., “Die Geburt der Schrift,” die waage 30 (1991) 2-7 [[http:// | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | Robert K. Englund, “Administrative Timekeeping in Ancient Mesopotamia, | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | id., “Archaic Dairy Metrology, | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | id., | + | Robert K. Englund, [[http:// |
| - | id., “Late Uruk Pigs and Other Herded Animals,” in: U. Finkbeiner, R. Dittmann and H. Hauptmann, eds., Festschrift Boehmer (Mainz 1995) 121-133 | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | id., “Die Erfindung der Schrift in Uruk,” in: W. Seipel and A. Wieczorek, eds., Von Babylon bis Jerusalem vol. 2 (Milan 1999) 251-254 | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | id., | + | id., [[http:// |
| - | id. “Proto-Cuneiform Account-Books and Journals,” in: M. Hudson and C. Wunsch, eds., Creating Economic Order: Record-keeping, | + | id., [[http:// |
| + | id., [[http:// | ||
| - | ===== Extensive bibliography | + | id. [[http:// |
| + | ==== Extensive bibliography ==== | ||
| Adams, R., Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Foodplain of the Euphrates (Chicago 1981) | Adams, R., Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Foodplain of the Euphrates (Chicago 1981) | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Adams, R., Nissen, H., The Uruk Countryside: | Adams, R., Nissen, H., The Uruk Countryside: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Algaze, G. , “The Uruk Expansion: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Early Mesopotamian Civilization, | Algaze, G. , “The Uruk Expansion: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Early Mesopotamian Civilization, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian Civilization (Chicago 1993) | + | //id.//, The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian Civilization (Chicago 1993) |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Allotte de la Fuye, C., Documents présargoniques (Paris 1908-20) | Allotte de la Fuye, C., Documents présargoniques (Paris 1908-20) | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., “Mesures agraires et calcul des superficies, | + | //id.//, “Mesures agraires et calcul des superficies, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Amiet, P., “Il y a 5000 ans les Elamites inventaint l' | Amiet, P., “Il y a 5000 ans les Elamites inventaint l' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Glyptique susienne, des origines à l' | + | //id.//, Glyptique susienne, des origines à l' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Arcari, E., La lista di professioni "Early Dynastic LU A": esempio di metodo di analisi dei rapporti tra le scuole scribali del III millennio a.C., Naples 1982 | Arcari, E., La lista di professioni "Early Dynastic LU A": esempio di metodo di analisi dei rapporti tra le scuole scribali del III millennio a.C., Naples 1982 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | < | + | <i>//id.//, Sillabario di Ebla e ED LU A: Rapporti intercorrenti tra le due liste, OrAnt. 22, 1983, 167-178 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Archi, A., La "Lista di Nomi e Professioni" | Archi, A., La "Lista di Nomi e Professioni" | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The "Names and Professions List": More Fragments from Ebla, RA 78, 1984, 171-174 | + | //id.//, The "Names and Professions List": More Fragments from Ebla, RA 78, 1984, 171-174 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Position of the Tablets of Ebla, Or. 57, 1988, 67-69 | + | //id.//, Position of the Tablets of Ebla, Or. 57, 1988, 67-69 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Baker, H., Matthews, R., Postgate, J. N., Lost Heritage: Antiquities Stolen from Iraq's Regional Museums, fascicle 2, London 1993 | Baker, H., Matthews, R., Postgate, J. N., Lost Heritage: Antiquities Stolen from Iraq's Regional Museums, fascicle 2, London 1993 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Bartz, F., Die grossen Fischereiräume der Welt: Versuch einer regionalen Darstellung der Fischereiwirtschaft der Erde Wiesbaden 1965 | Bartz, F., Die grossen Fischereiräume der Welt: Versuch einer regionalen Darstellung der Fischereiwirtschaft der Erde Wiesbaden 1965 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Bauer, J., Review of G. Selz, Die altsumerischen Wirtschaftsurkunden der Eremitage zu Leningrad, FAOS 15, Wiesbaden 1989, in: AfO 36/37, 1989-90, 76-91 | Bauer, J., Review of G. Selz, Die altsumerischen Wirtschaftsurkunden der Eremitage zu Leningrad, FAOS 15, Wiesbaden 1989, in: AfO 36/37, 1989-90, 76-91 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Behrens, H., Loding, D., Roth, M. (ed.), dumu-e“-dub-ba-a Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg, Occasional publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11, Philadelphia 1989 | Behrens, H., Loding, D., Roth, M. (ed.), dumu-e“-dub-ba-a Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg, Occasional publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11, Philadelphia 1989 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Benito, C., "Enki and Ninmah" | Benito, C., "Enki and Ninmah" | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Biggs, R., The Ab¨ Íalåb⁄kh Tablets, JCS 20, 1966, 73-88 | Biggs, R., The Ab¨ Íalåb⁄kh Tablets, JCS 20, 1966, 73-88 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Semitic Names in the Fara Period, Or. 36, 1967, 55-66 | + | //id.//, Semitic Names in the Fara Period, Or. 36, 1967, 55-66 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Inscriptions from Tell Ab¨ Íalåb⁄kh, | + | //id.//, Inscriptions from Tell Ab¨ Íalåb⁄kh, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Black, J., The Alleged " | Black, J., The Alleged " | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Blegvad, H., Fishes of the Iranian Gulf, Copenhagen 1944 | Blegvad, H., Fishes of the Iranian Gulf, Copenhagen 1944 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Blunt, A., A pilgrimage to Nejd, the cradle of the Arab race ..., London 1881 | Blunt, A., A pilgrimage to Nejd, the cradle of the Arab race ..., London 1881 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Bodenheimer, | Bodenheimer, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Boessneck, J., Tierknochenfunde aus Içan Baªrîyåt (Isin), in B. Hrouda, Isin-Içan Baªrîyåt I, Munich 1977, 111-133 | Boessneck, J., Tierknochenfunde aus Içan Baªrîyåt (Isin), in B. Hrouda, Isin-Içan Baªrîyåt I, Munich 1977, 111-133 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Tierknochenfunde aus Nippur, in Gibson, M., et al., Excavations at Nippur: Twelfth Season, OIC 23, Chicago 1978, 153-187 | + | //id.//, Tierknochenfunde aus Nippur, in Gibson, M., et al., Excavations at Nippur: Twelfth Season, OIC 23, Chicago 1978, 153-187 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Boessneck, J., Kokabi, M., Tierbestimmungen, | Boessneck, J., Kokabi, M., Tierbestimmungen, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Boessneck, J. Driesch A. von den, Steger, U., Tierknochenfunde der Ausgrabungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Baghdad in Uruk-Warka, Iraq, BagM 15, 1984, 149-189 | Boessneck, J. Driesch A. von den, Steger, U., Tierknochenfunde der Ausgrabungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Baghdad in Uruk-Warka, Iraq, BagM 15, 1984, 149-189 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Boisson, C., Contraintes typologiques sur le système phonologique du Sumérien, Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 84, 1989, 201-233 | Boisson, C., Contraintes typologiques sur le système phonologique du Sumérien, Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 84, 1989, 201-233 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Braidwood, R., Howe, B., Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan, SAOC 31, Chicago 1960 | Braidwood, R., Howe, B., Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan, SAOC 31, Chicago 1960 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Brandes, M., Siegelabrollungen aus den archaischen Schichten in Uruk-Warka, FAOS 3, Wiesbaden 1979 | Brandes, M., Siegelabrollungen aus den archaischen Schichten in Uruk-Warka, FAOS 3, Wiesbaden 1979 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Bottéro, J., Konservierung von Lebensmitteln, | Bottéro, J., Konservierung von Lebensmitteln, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Brekle, H., Konventionsbasierte Kriterien der Buchstabenstruktur am Beispiel der Entwicklung der kanaanäisch-phönizischen zur altgriechischen Schrift, Kodikas/ | Brekle, H., Konventionsbasierte Kriterien der Buchstabenstruktur am Beispiel der Entwicklung der kanaanäisch-phönizischen zur altgriechischen Schrift, Kodikas/ | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Some Thoughts on a Historico-Genetic Theory of the Lettershapes of our Alphabet, in Watt, W. (ed.), Writing Systems and Cognition: Perspectives from Psychology, Physiology, Linguistics, | + | //id.//, Some Thoughts on a Historico-Genetic Theory of the Lettershapes of our Alphabet, in Watt, W. (ed.), Writing Systems and Cognition: Perspectives from Psychology, Physiology, Linguistics, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Brice, W., The Writing System of the Proto-Elamite Account Tablets of Susa, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 45, 1962-63, 15-39 | Brice, W., The Writing System of the Proto-Elamite Account Tablets of Susa, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 45, 1962-63, 15-39 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Buccellati, G., Salt at the Dawn of History: The Case of the Bevelled-rim Bowls, in Matthiae, P., et al. (ed.), Resurrecting the Past, Leiden 1990, 17-40 | Buccellati, G., Salt at the Dawn of History: The Case of the Bevelled-rim Bowls, in Matthiae, P., et al. (ed.), Resurrecting the Past, Leiden 1990, 17-40 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Burrows, E., Ur Excavations. Texts 2, London 1935 | Burrows, E., Ur Excavations. Texts 2, London 1935 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Butz, K., On Salt Again ...: Lexikalische Randbemerkungen, | Butz, K., On Salt Again ...: Lexikalische Randbemerkungen, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Zur Terminologie der Viehwirtschaft in den Texten aus Ebla, in Cagni, L. (ed.), La lingua di Ebla , Naples 1981, 321-353 | + | //id.//, Zur Terminologie der Viehwirtschaft in den Texten aus Ebla, in Cagni, L. (ed.), La lingua di Ebla , Naples 1981, 321-353 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Landwirtschaft, | + | //id.//, Landwirtschaft, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Butz, K., Schröder, P., Zu Getreideerträgen in Mesopotamien und dem Mittelmeergebiet, | Butz, K., Schröder, P., Zu Getreideerträgen in Mesopotamien und dem Mittelmeergebiet, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Cavigneaux, A., Lexikalische Listen, RlA 6, 1980-83, 609-641 | Cavigneaux, A., Lexikalische Listen, RlA 6, 1980-83, 609-641 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Le rôle de l' | + | //id.//, Le rôle de l' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Inschriften der XXXII./ | + | //id.//, Die Inschriften der XXXII./ |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Charvát, P., Pig, or, on Ethnicity in Archaeology, | Charvát, P., Pig, or, on Ethnicity in Archaeology, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Christie, A., An Autobiography, | Christie, A., An Autobiography, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Christian, V., Altertumskunde des Zweistromlandes von der Vorzeit bis zum Ende der Achämenidenherrschaft, | Christian, V., Altertumskunde des Zweistromlandes von der Vorzeit bis zum Ende der Achämenidenherrschaft, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Civil, M., The Home of the Fish, Iraq 23, 1961, 154-175 | Civil, M., The Home of the Fish, Iraq 23, 1961, 154-175 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., From Enki's Headaches to Phonology, JNES 32, 1973, 57-61 | + | //id.//, From Enki's Headaches to Phonology, JNES 32, 1973, 57-61 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Sumerian Writing System: Some Problems, Or. 42, 1973, 21-34 | + | //id.//, The Sumerian Writing System: Some Problems, Or. 42, 1973, 21-34 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Studies on Early Dynastic Lexicography, | + | //id.//, Studies on Early Dynastic Lexicography, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Civil, M., Biggs, R., Notes sur des textes sumériens archaÑques, | Civil, M., Biggs, R., Notes sur des textes sumériens archaÑques, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Clutton-Brock, | Clutton-Brock, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Collon, D., First Impressions: | Collon, D., First Impressions: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Collon, D., Reade, J., Archaic Nineveh, BagM 14, 1983, 33-41 | Collon, D., Reade, J., Archaic Nineveh, BagM 14, 1983, 33-41 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Crawford, H., Mesopotamia' | Crawford, H., Mesopotamia' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Cros, G., Nouvelles fouilles de Tello, par le commandant Gaston Cros, Paris 1910-14 | Cros, G., Nouvelles fouilles de Tello, par le commandant Gaston Cros, Paris 1910-14 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Cutting, C., Fish Saving: A History of Fish Processing from Ancient to Modern Times, London 1955 | Cutting, C., Fish Saving: A History of Fish Processing from Ancient to Modern Times, London 1955 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Damerow, P., Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, | Damerow, P., Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Abstraction and Representation: | + | //id.//, Abstraction and Representation: |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Damerow, P., Englund, R., Die Zahlzeichensysteme der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, in Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, 117-166 | Damerow, P., Englund, R., Die Zahlzeichensysteme der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, in Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, 117-166 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Proto-Elamite Texts from Tepe Yahya, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 39, Cambridge, MA, 1989 | + | //id.//, The Proto-Elamite Texts from Tepe Yahya, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 39, Cambridge, MA, 1989 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Bemerkungen zu den vorangehenden Aufsätzen von A. A. Vaiman unter Berücksichtigung der 1987 erschienenen Zeichenliste ATU 2, BagM 20, 1989, 133-138 | + | //id.//, Bemerkungen zu den vorangehenden Aufsätzen von A. A. Vaiman unter Berücksichtigung der 1987 erschienenen Zeichenliste ATU 2, BagM 20, 1989, 133-138 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Proto-Cuneiform Texts from the Erlenmeyer Collection, MSVO 3, Berlin forthcoming | + | //id.//, The Proto-Cuneiform Texts from the Erlenmeyer Collection, MSVO 3, Berlin forthcoming |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Damerow, P., Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die Entstehung der Schrift, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, | Damerow, P., Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die Entstehung der Schrift, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die ersten Zahldarstellungen und die Entwicklung des Zahlbegriffs, | + | //id.//, Die ersten Zahldarstellungen und die Entwicklung des Zahlbegriffs, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Damerow, P., Meinzer, H.-P., Computertomographische Untersuchung ungeöffneter archaischer Tonkugeln aus Uruk W 20987,9, W 20987,11 und W 20987,12, BagM 26, 1995, 7-33 + plts.1-4 | Damerow, P., Meinzer, H.-P., Computertomographische Untersuchung ungeöffneter archaischer Tonkugeln aus Uruk W 20987,9, W 20987,11 und W 20987,12, BagM 26, 1995, 7-33 + plts.1-4 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Dandamaev, M., Slavery in Babylonia: From Nabopolassar to Alexander the Great (626-331 B.C.), DeKalb, IL, 1984 | Dandamaev, M., Slavery in Babylonia: From Nabopolassar to Alexander the Great (626-331 B.C.), DeKalb, IL, 1984 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Daniels, P., Bright, W. (ed.), The World' | Daniels, P., Bright, W. (ed.), The World' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Deimel, A., Die Inschriften von Fara I: Liste der Archaischen Keilschriftzeichen, | Deimel, A., Die Inschriften von Fara I: Liste der Archaischen Keilschriftzeichen, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Inschriften von Fara II: Schultexte aus Fara, WVDOG 43, Leipzig 1923 | + | //id.//, Die Inschriften von Fara II: Schultexte aus Fara, WVDOG 43, Leipzig 1923 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Inschriften von Fara III: Wirtschaftstexte aus Fara, WVDOG 45, Leipzig 1924 | + | //id.//, Die Inschriften von Fara III: Wirtschaftstexte aus Fara, WVDOG 45, Leipzig 1924 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Viehzucht der Çumerer zur Zeit Urukaginas, Or. 20, 1926, 1-61 | + | //id.//, Die Viehzucht der Çumerer zur Zeit Urukaginas, Or. 20, 1926, 1-61 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Delitzsch, F., Handel und Wandel in Altbabylonien, | Delitzsch, F., Handel und Wandel in Altbabylonien, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Delougaz, P., The temple oval at Khafajah, OIP 53, Chicago 1940 | Delougaz, P., The temple oval at Khafajah, OIP 53, Chicago 1940 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Pottery from the Diyala Region, OIP 63, Chicago 1952 | + | //id.//, Pottery from the Diyala Region, OIP 63, Chicago 1952 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Delougaz, P., Kantor, H. (ed. by A. Alizadeh), Chogha Mish, OIP 101, Chicago 1996 | Delougaz, P., Kantor, H. (ed. by A. Alizadeh), Chogha Mish, OIP 101, Chicago 1996 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Diakonoff, I., VDI 84/2, 1963, 168 | Diakonoff, I., VDI 84/2, 1963, 168 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Main Features of the Economy in the Monarchies of Ancient Western Asia, 3ème conférence internationale d' | + | //id.//, Main Features of the Economy in the Monarchies of Ancient Western Asia, 3ème conférence internationale d' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Slaves, Helots and Serfs in Early Antiquity, ActAntH. 22, 1974, 45-78 | + | //id.//, Slaves, Helots and Serfs in Early Antiquity, ActAntH. 22, 1974, 45-78 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Some Reflections on Numerals in Sumerian: Towards a History of Mathematical Speculation, | + | //id.//, Some Reflections on Numerals in Sumerian: Towards a History of Mathematical Speculation, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Dijk, J. van, Ein spätaltbabylonischer Katalog einer Sammlung sumerischer Briefe, Or. 58, 1989, 441-452 | Dijk, J. van, Ein spätaltbabylonischer Katalog einer Sammlung sumerischer Briefe, Or. 58, 1989, 441-452 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Dittmann, R., Seals, Sealings and Tablets, in Finkbeiner, U., Röllig, W. (ed.) ,Gamdat Nasr: Period or Regional Style?, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B 62, Wiesbaden 1986, 332-366 | Dittmann, R., Seals, Sealings and Tablets, in Finkbeiner, U., Röllig, W. (ed.) ,Gamdat Nasr: Period or Regional Style?, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B 62, Wiesbaden 1986, 332-366 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Betrachtungen zur Fruehzeit des Südwest-Iran: | + | //id.//, Betrachtungen zur Fruehzeit des Südwest-Iran: |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Dreyer, G., Das prädynastische Königsgrab U-j in Abydos und seine frühen Schriftzeugnisse, | Dreyer, G., Das prädynastische Königsgrab U-j in Abydos und seine frühen Schriftzeugnisse, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Driel, G. van, Tablets from Jebel Aruda, in G. van Driel, et al. (ed.), zikir çumim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F. R. Kraus on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, Leiden 1982, 12-25 | Driel, G. van, Tablets from Jebel Aruda, in G. van Driel, et al. (ed.), zikir çumim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F. R. Kraus on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, Leiden 1982, 12-25 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Driesch, A. von den, “Fischknochen aus Abu Salabikh/ | Driesch, A. von den, “Fischknochen aus Abu Salabikh/ | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Drilhon, F. Laval-Jeantet, | Drilhon, F. Laval-Jeantet, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Dumont, J., La péche dans le fayoum hellenistique, | Dumont, J., La péche dans le fayoum hellenistique, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Dyson, R., Chronologies du Proche Orient – Chronologies in the Near East: Relative Chronologies and Absolute Chronology 16,000 - 4,000 B.P, BAR International Series 379, 648-649 | Dyson, R., Chronologies du Proche Orient – Chronologies in the Near East: Relative Chronologies and Absolute Chronology 16,000 - 4,000 B.P, BAR International Series 379, 648-649 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Edzard, D., Genaeva 8, 1960, 243 | Edzard, D., Genaeva 8, 1960, 243 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Keilschrift, | + | //id.//, Die Keilschrift, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Keilschrift, | + | //id.//, Keilschrift, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Review of Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, in ZA 83, 1993, 136-141 | + | //id.//, Review of Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, in ZA 83, 1993, 136-141 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Eichmann, R., Uruk: Die Stratigraphie, | Eichmann, R., Uruk: Die Stratigraphie, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Uruk: Die Architektur I, Von den Anfängen bis zur frühdynasitischer Zeit, AUWE 14, Mainz forthcoming | + | //id.//, Uruk: Die Architektur I, Von den Anfängen bis zur frühdynasitischer Zeit, AUWE 14, Mainz forthcoming |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Ellison, R., Diet in Mesopotamia: | Ellison, R., Diet in Mesopotamia: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Some Thoughts on the Diet of Mesopotamia from c. 3000 - 600 B.C., Iraq 45, 1983, 146-150 | + | //id.//, Some Thoughts on the Diet of Mesopotamia from c. 3000 - 600 B.C., Iraq 45, 1983, 146-150 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Englund, R., Administrative Timekeeping in Ancient Mesopotamia, | Englund, R., Administrative Timekeeping in Ancient Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Verwaltung und Organisation der Ur III-Fischerei, | + | //id.//, Verwaltung und Organisation der Ur III-Fischerei, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Archaic Dairy Metrology, Iraq 53, 1991, 101-104 | + | //id.//, Archaic Dairy Metrology, Iraq 53, 1991, 101-104 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, | + | //id.//, Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Review of B. Lafont and F. Yildiz, Tablettes cunéiformes de Tello au Musée d' | + | //id.//, Review of B. Lafont and F. Yildiz, Tablettes cunéiformes de Tello au Musée d' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Archaic Administrative Texts from Uruk: The Early Campaigns, ATU 5, Berlin 1994 | + | //id.//, Archaic Administrative Texts from Uruk: The Early Campaigns, ATU 5, Berlin 1994 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Late Uruk Period Cattle and Dairy Products: Evidence from Proto-Cuneiform Sources, BSA 8/2, Warminster 1995, 33-48 | + | //id.//, Late Uruk Period Cattle and Dairy Products: Evidence from Proto-Cuneiform Sources, BSA 8/2, Warminster 1995, 33-48 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Late Uruk Pigs and Other Herded Animals, in: Finkbeiner, U., Dittmann, R., Hauptmann, H. (ed.), Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens, | + | //id.//, Late Uruk Pigs and Other Herded Animals, in: Finkbeiner, U., Dittmann, R., Hauptmann, H. (ed.), Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Regulating Dairy Productivity in the Ur III Period, Or. 64, 1995, 377-429 | + | //id.//, Regulating Dairy Productivity in the Ur III Period, Or. 64, 1995, 377-429 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Question Mark Retrieval, NABU 1995:38 | + | //id.//, Question Mark Retrieval, NABU 1995:38 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Proto-Cuneiform Texts from Diverse Collections, | + | //id.//, Proto-Cuneiform Texts from Diverse Collections, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Grain Accounting Practices in Archaic Mesopotamia, | + | //id.//, Grain Accounting Practices in Archaic Mesopotamia, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Englund, R., Grégoire, J.-P., The Proto-Cuneiform Texts from Jemdet Nasr, MSVO 1, Berlin 1991 | Englund, R., Grégoire, J.-P., The Proto-Cuneiform Texts from Jemdet Nasr, MSVO 1, Berlin 1991 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 3, Berlin 1993 | Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 3, Berlin 1993 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Evans, J., The Exploitation of Molluscs, in P. Ucko, G. Dimbleby, The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, London 1969, 479-484 | Evans, J., The Exploitation of Molluscs, in P. Ucko, G. Dimbleby, The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, London 1969, 479-484 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Fales, F., Krispijn, T., An Early Ur III Copy of the Ab¨ Íålåbikh "Names and Professions" | Fales, F., Krispijn, T., An Early Ur III Copy of the Ab¨ Íålåbikh "Names and Professions" | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Falkenstein, | Falkenstein, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Literarische Keilschrifttexte aus Uruk, Berlin 1931 | + | //id.//, Literarische Keilschrifttexte aus Uruk, Berlin 1931 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Archaische Texte aus Uruk, ATU 1, Berlin 1936 | + | //id.//, Archaische Texte aus Uruk, ATU 1, Berlin 1936 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Archaische Texte des Iraq-Museums in Bagdad, OLZ 40, 1937, 401-410 | + | //id.//, Archaische Texte des Iraq-Museums in Bagdad, OLZ 40, 1937, 401-410 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Felix, J. (ed.), Herodot, Munich 1963 | Felix, J. (ed.), Herodot, Munich 1963 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Field, H., Ancient Wheat and Barley from Kish, Mesopotamia, | Field, H., Ancient Wheat and Barley from Kish, Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Track of Man; Adventures of an Anthropologist, | + | //id.//, The Track of Man; Adventures of an Anthropologist, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Finkbeiner, U., Röllig, W. (ed.), Gamdat Nasr: Period or Regional Style?, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B 62, Wiesbaden 1986 | Finkbeiner, U., Röllig, W. (ed.), Gamdat Nasr: Period or Regional Style?, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B 62, Wiesbaden 1986 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Finkel, I., Inscriptions from Tell Brak 1984, Iraq 47, 1985, 187-201 + plts. 32-36 | Finkel, I., Inscriptions from Tell Brak 1984, Iraq 47, 1985, 187-201 + plts. 32-36 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Flannery, K., Early Pig Domestication in the Fertile Crescent: A Retrospective Look, in Young, T. C., Smith, P., Mortensen, P. (ed.), The Hilly Flanks and Beyond: Essays on the Prehistory of Southwestern Asia, presented to Robert J. Braidwood, November, 15, 1982, SAOC 36, Chicago 1983, 163-188 | Flannery, K., Early Pig Domestication in the Fertile Crescent: A Retrospective Look, in Young, T. C., Smith, P., Mortensen, P. (ed.), The Hilly Flanks and Beyond: Essays on the Prehistory of Southwestern Asia, presented to Robert J. Braidwood, November, 15, 1982, SAOC 36, Chicago 1983, 163-188 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Forbes, R., Studies in Ancient Technology III, Leiden 1965 | Forbes, R., Studies in Ancient Technology III, Leiden 1965 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Friberg, J., The Early Roots of Babyloni¬an Mathematics, | Friberg, J., The Early Roots of Babyloni¬an Mathematics, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Numbers and Measures in the Earliest Written Records, Scientific American 250/2, February 1984, 110-118 | + | //id.//, Numbers and Measures in the Earliest Written Records, Scientific American 250/2, February 1984, 110-118 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Mathematik, RlA 7, 1987-90, 531-585 | + | //id.//, Mathematik, RlA 7, 1987-90, 531-585 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, | + | //id.//, Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Fraser, J., Travels in Koordistan, Mesopotamia, | Fraser, J., Travels in Koordistan, Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Frayne, D., The Early Dynastic List of Geographical Names, AOS 74, New Haven 1992 | Frayne, D., The Early Dynastic List of Geographical Names, AOS 74, New Haven 1992 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Gelb, I. J., A Study of Writing, Chicago 1963 | Gelb, I. J., A Study of Writing, Chicago 1963 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Ancient Mesopotamian Ration System, JNES 24, 1965, 230-243 | + | //id.//, The Ancient Mesopotamian Ration System, JNES 24, 1965, 230-243 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Growth of a Herd of Cattle in Ten Years, JCS 21, 1967, 64-69 | + | //id.//, Growth of a Herd of Cattle in Ten Years, JCS 21, 1967, 64-69 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., From Freedom to Slavery, RAI 18, 1970, 81-92 | + | //id.//, From Freedom to Slavery, RAI 18, 1970, 81-92 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Prisoners of War in Early Mesopotamia, | + | //id.//, Prisoners of War in Early Mesopotamia, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Methods of Decipherment, | + | //id.//, Methods of Decipherment, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Definition and Discussion of Slavery and Serfdom, Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979, 283-297 | + | //id.//, Definition and Discussion of Slavery and Serfdom, Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979, 283-297 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Terms for Slaves in Ancient Mesopotamia, | + | //id.//, Terms for Slaves in Ancient Mesopotamia, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Sumerian and Akkadian Words for String of Fruit, in G. van Driel, et al. (ed.), zikir çumim, Fs. Kraus, Leiden 1982, 67-82 | + | //id.//, Sumerian and Akkadian Words for String of Fruit, in G. van Driel, et al. (ed.), zikir çumim, Fs. Kraus, Leiden 1982, 67-82 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Gelb, I. J., Steinkeller, | Gelb, I. J., Steinkeller, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Gibson, M., Biggs R. (ed.), Seals and Sealing in the Ancient Near East, BiMes. 6, Malibu 1977 | Gibson, M., Biggs R. (ed.), Seals and Sealing in the Ancient Near East, BiMes. 6, Malibu 1977 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Gordon, C., The Ancient Near East,, New York 31965 | Gordon, C., The Ancient Near East,, New York 31965 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Graeve, M.-C. de, The Ships of the Ancient Near East (c. 2000-500 B.C.), Leuven 1981 | Graeve, M.-C. de, The Ships of the Ancient Near East (c. 2000-500 B.C.), Leuven 1981 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Green, M., A Note on an Archaic Period Geographical List from Warka, JNES 36, 1977, 293-294 | Green, M., A Note on an Archaic Period Geographical List from Warka, JNES 36, 1977, 293-294 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Animal Husbandry at Uruk in the Archaic Period. JNES 39, 1980, 1-35 | + | //id.//, Animal Husbandry at Uruk in the Archaic Period. JNES 39, 1980, 1-35 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Construction and Implementation of the Cuneiform Writing System, Visible Language 15, 1981, 345-372 | + | //id.//, The Construction and Implementation of the Cuneiform Writing System, Visible Language 15, 1981, 345-372 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Miscellaneous Early Texts from Uruk, ZA 72, 1982, 163-177 | + | //id.//, Miscellaneous Early Texts from Uruk, ZA 72, 1982, 163-177 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Urum and Uqair, ASJ 8, 1986, 77-83 | + | //id.//, Urum and Uqair, ASJ 8, 1986, 77-83 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987 | Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Grégoire, J.-P., Inscriptions et archives administratives cuneiformes, | Grégoire, J.-P., Inscriptions et archives administratives cuneiformes, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hackman, G., Sumerian and Akkadian Administrative Texts: from Predynastic Times to the End of the Akkad Dynasty, BIN 8, New Haven 1958 | Hackman, G., Sumerian and Akkadian Administrative Texts: from Predynastic Times to the End of the Akkad Dynasty, BIN 8, New Haven 1958 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| al-Hadithi, A., Optimal Utilization of the Water Resources of the Euphrates River of Iraq, UArizona dissertation, | al-Hadithi, A., Optimal Utilization of the Water Resources of the Euphrates River of Iraq, UArizona dissertation, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hall, H., La sculpture babylonienne et assyrienne au British Museum, Ars Asiatica 11, Paris-Brussels 1928 | Hall, H., La sculpture babylonienne et assyrienne au British Museum, Ars Asiatica 11, Paris-Brussels 1928 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hallo, W., A Sumerian Amphictyony, | Hallo, W., A Sumerian Amphictyony, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Harrison, D., The Mammals of Arabia, London 1964-72 | Harrison, D., The Mammals of Arabia, London 1964-72 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hatt, R., The Mammals of Iraq, University of Michigan. Museum of Zoology. Miscellaneous Publications no. 106, Ann Arbor 1959 | Hatt, R., The Mammals of Iraq, University of Michigan. Museum of Zoology. Miscellaneous Publications no. 106, Ann Arbor 1959 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Heimpel, W., Sumerische und akkadische Personennamen in Sumer und Akkad, AfO 25, 1974-77, 171-174 | Heimpel, W., Sumerische und akkadische Personennamen in Sumer und Akkad, AfO 25, 1974-77, 171-174 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Heinrich, E., Schilf und Lehm. Ein Beitrag zur Baugeschichte der Sumerer, Studien zur Bauforschung 6, Berlin 1934 | Heinrich, E., Schilf und Lehm. Ein Beitrag zur Baugeschichte der Sumerer, Studien zur Bauforschung 6, Berlin 1934 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Sechster vorläufiger Bericht ... Uruk-Warka ..., Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, | + | //id.//, Sechster vorläufiger Bericht ... Uruk-Warka ..., Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Kleinfunde aus den archaischen Tempelschichten, | + | //id.//, Kleinfunde aus den archaischen Tempelschichten, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Stellung der Uruk-Tempel in der Baugeschichte, | + | //id.//, Die Stellung der Uruk-Tempel in der Baugeschichte, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Bauwerke in der altsumerischen Bildkunst, Wiesbaden 1957 | + | //id.//, Bauwerke in der altsumerischen Bildkunst, Wiesbaden 1957 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Tempel und Heiligtuemer im alten Mesopotamien : Typologie, Morphologie und Geschichte, Berlin 1982 | + | //id.//, Die Tempel und Heiligtuemer im alten Mesopotamien : Typologie, Morphologie und Geschichte, Berlin 1982 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hoch, E., Reflections on Prehistoric Life at Umm an-Nar (Trucial Oman) Based on Faunal Remains from the Third Millennium BC, in Taddei, M. (ed.), South Asian Archaeology 1977, vol. 1, Naples 1979, 589-638 | Hoch, E., Reflections on Prehistoric Life at Umm an-Nar (Trucial Oman) Based on Faunal Remains from the Third Millennium BC, in Taddei, M. (ed.), South Asian Archaeology 1977, vol. 1, Naples 1979, 589-638 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hole, F., Flannery, K., Neely, J. (ed.), Prehistory and Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain; An Early Village Sequence from Khuzistan, Iran, Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, | Hole, F., Flannery, K., Neely, J. (ed.), Prehistory and Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain; An Early Village Sequence from Khuzistan, Iran, Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Höyrup, J., Sumerian: The Descendant of a Proto-historical Creole? An Alternative Approach to the Sumerian Problem, Annali dell' | Höyrup, J., Sumerian: The Descendant of a Proto-historical Creole? An Alternative Approach to the Sumerian Problem, Annali dell' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Høyrup, J., Damerow, P. (ed.), Changing Views on Ancient Near Eastern Mathematics (=BBVO 19; Berlin 2001) | Høyrup, J., Damerow, P. (ed.), Changing Views on Ancient Near Eastern Mathematics (=BBVO 19; Berlin 2001) | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Hruçka, B., Sumerian Agriculture: | Hruçka, B., Sumerian Agriculture: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Jacobsen, T., Early political development in Mesopotamia, | Jacobsen, T., Early political development in Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., On the Textile Industry at Ur under Ibbi-Sîn, Studia Orientalia Ionni Pedersen dicata, Fs. Pedersen, Copenhagen 1953, 172-187. (Ibbi circumflex!) XXX | + | //id.//, On the Textile Industry at Ur under Ibbi-Sîn, Studia Orientalia Ionni Pedersen dicata, Fs. Pedersen, Copenhagen 1953, 172-187. (Ibbi circumflex!) XXX |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The lil2 of dEn-lil2, in Behrens, H., Loding, M., Roth, M. (ed.), dumu-e“-dub-ba-a Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg, Occasional publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11, Philadelphia 1989, 267-276 | + | //id.//, The lil2 of dEn-lil2, in Behrens, H., Loding, M., Roth, M. (ed.), dumu-e“-dub-ba-a Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg, Occasional publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11, Philadelphia 1989, 267-276 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Jasim, S., Oates, J., Early Tokens and Tablets in Mesopotamia: | Jasim, S., Oates, J., Early Tokens and Tablets in Mesopotamia: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Jestin, R., Tablettes sumériennes de Çuruppak conservées au Musée de Stamboul, Paris 1937 | Jestin, R., Tablettes sumériennes de Çuruppak conservées au Musée de Stamboul, Paris 1937 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Jordan, J., Aus den Berichten aus Warka: Oktober 1912 bis März 1913, MDOG 51, April 1913, 47-76 | Jordan, J., Aus den Berichten aus Warka: Oktober 1912 bis März 1913, MDOG 51, April 1913, 47-76 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Aus den Berichten aus Warka: März bis Mai 1913, MDOG 53, April 1914, 9-17 | + | //id.//, Aus den Berichten aus Warka: März bis Mai 1913, MDOG 53, April 1914, 9-17 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Uruk-Warka nach den Ausgrabungen durch die Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft, | + | //id.//, Uruk-Warka nach den Ausgrabungen durch die Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die von der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft in Uruk-Warka unternommenen Ausgrabungen, | + | //id.//, Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die von der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft in Uruk-Warka unternommenen Ausgrabungen, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Zweiter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1930, Nr. 4, Berlin 1931 | + | //id.//, Zweiter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1930, Nr. 4, Berlin 1931 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Dritter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1932, Nr. 2, Berlin 1932 | + | //id.//, Dritter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1932, Nr. 2, Berlin 1932 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Khalaf, K., Reptiles of Iraq, with some Notes on the Amphibians, Baghdad 1959 | Khalaf, K., Reptiles of Iraq, with some Notes on the Amphibians, Baghdad 1959 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Marine and Freshwater Fishes of Iraq, Baghdad 1961. | + | //id.//, The Marine and Freshwater Fishes of Iraq, Baghdad 1961. |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Kiutigh, K., Goldstein, L., American Antiquity 55, 1990, 585-591. | Kiutigh, K., Goldstein, L., American Antiquity 55, 1990, 585-591. | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Kose, A., Walter Andraes Besuch in Uruk-Warka vom 18.12.1902, in Finkbeiner, U., Dittmann, R., Hauptmann, H. (ed.), Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens, | Kose, A., Walter Andraes Besuch in Uruk-Warka vom 18.12.1902, in Finkbeiner, U., Dittmann, R., Hauptmann, H. (ed.), Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Kraus, F., Staatliche Viehhaltung im altbabylonischen Lande Larsa, Amsterdam 1966 | Kraus, F., Staatliche Viehhaltung im altbabylonischen Lande Larsa, Amsterdam 1966 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Sumerer und Akkader, ein Problem der altmesopotamischen Geschichte, Amsterdam 1970 | + | //id.//, Sumerer und Akkader, ein Problem der altmesopotamischen Geschichte, Amsterdam 1970 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Krebernik, M., Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla: Untersuchungen zur ältesten keilschriftlichen Beschwörungsliteratur, | Krebernik, M., Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla: Untersuchungen zur ältesten keilschriftlichen Beschwörungsliteratur, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Review of Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, in OLZ 89, 1994, 380-385 | + | //id.//, Review of Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, in OLZ 89, 1994, 380-385 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Krebernik, M., Nissen, H., Die sumerisch-akkadische Keilschrift, | Krebernik, M., Nissen, H., Die sumerisch-akkadische Keilschrift, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Krecher, J., Eine unorthographische sumerische Wortliste aus Ebla, OrAnt. 22, 1983, 179-189 | Krecher, J., Eine unorthographische sumerische Wortliste aus Ebla, OrAnt. 22, 1983, 179-189 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Krispijn, T., Die Identifikation zweier lexikalischen Texte aus Ebla MEE III Nr. 62 und 63, JEOL 27, 1981-82, 47-59 | Krispijn, T., Die Identifikation zweier lexikalischen Texte aus Ebla MEE III Nr. 62 und 63, JEOL 27, 1981-82, 47-59 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Kuckenburg, M., Die Entstehung von Sprache und Schrift. Ein kulturgeschichtlicher & | Kuckenburg, M., Die Entstehung von Sprache und Schrift. Ein kulturgeschichtlicher & | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Labat, R., Manuel d' | Labat, R., Manuel d' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Lafont, B., Yildiz, F., Tablettes cunéiformes de Tello au Musée d' | Lafont, B., Yildiz, F., Tablettes cunéiformes de Tello au Musée d' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Landsberger, | Landsberger, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Beginnings of Civilization in Mesopotamia, | + | //id.//, The Beginnings of Civilization in Mesopotamia, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Langdon, S., Excavations at Kish I, Paris 1924 | Langdon, S., Excavations at Kish I, Paris 1924 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Ausgrabungen in Babylonien seit 1918, Der Alte Orient 26, 1927, 3-75. | + | //id.//, Ausgrabungen in Babylonien seit 1918, Der Alte Orient 26, 1927, 3-75. |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Herbert Weld Collection in the Ashmolean Museum: Pictographic Inscriptions from Jemdet Nasr, OECT 7, Oxford 1928 | + | //id.//, The Herbert Weld Collection in the Ashmolean Museum: Pictographic Inscriptions from Jemdet Nasr, OECT 7, Oxford 1928 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., A New Factor in the Problem of Sumerian Origins, JRAS 1931, 593-596 | + | //id.//, A New Factor in the Problem of Sumerian Origins, JRAS 1931, 593-596 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., New Texts from Jemdet Nasr, JRAS 1931, 837-844 | + | //id.//, New Texts from Jemdet Nasr, JRAS 1931, 837-844 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Le Brun, A., Recherches stratigraphiques à l' | Le Brun, A., Recherches stratigraphiques à l' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Le Brun, A., Vallat, F., L' | Le Brun, A., Vallat, F., L' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Lenzen, H., Die Entwicklung der Zikurrat von ihren Anfängen bis zur Zeit der III. Dynastie von Ur, Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Uruk-Warka 4, Leipzig 1942 | Lenzen, H., Die Entwicklung der Zikurrat von ihren Anfängen bis zur Zeit der III. Dynastie von Ur, Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Uruk-Warka 4, Leipzig 1942 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., ZA 15, 1949, 1. | + | //id.//, ZA 15, 1949, 1. |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Tempel der Schicht Archaisch IV in Uruk, ZA 49, 1950, 1-20 | + | //id.//, Die Tempel der Schicht Archaisch IV in Uruk, ZA 49, 1950, 1-20 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Mesopotamische Tempelanlagen von der Frühzeit bis zum zweiten Jahrtausend, | + | //id.//, Mesopotamische Tempelanlagen von der Frühzeit bis zum zweiten Jahrtausend, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Architektur der Schickt Uruk Arch. III (Djemdet Nasr) in Eanna, StOr. 46 (1975) 169-191 | + | //id.//, Die Architektur der Schickt Uruk Arch. III (Djemdet Nasr) in Eanna, StOr. 46 (1975) 169-191 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Lieberman, S., Of Clay Pebbles, Hollow Clay Balls, and Writing: A Sumerian View, AJA 84, 1980, 339-358 | Lieberman, S., Of Clay Pebbles, Hollow Clay Balls, and Writing: A Sumerian View, AJA 84, 1980, 339-358 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Limet, H., L' | Limet, H., L' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Lloyd, S. Safar, F., Eridu, Sumer 3, 1947, 94 | Lloyd, S. Safar, F., Eridu, Sumer 3, 1947, 94 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Eridu: A Preliminary Communications [sic] on the Second Season' | + | //id.//, Eridu: A Preliminary Communications [sic] on the Second Season' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Tell Uqair. Excavations by the Iraq Government Directorate of Antiquities in 1940 and 1941, JNES 2, 1943, 131-158 + plts | + | //id.//, Tell Uqair. Excavations by the Iraq Government Directorate of Antiquities in 1940 and 1941, JNES 2, 1943, 131-158 + plts |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Loftus, W., Travels and Researches in Chaldaea and Susiana, London 1857 | Loftus, W., Travels and Researches in Chaldaea and Susiana, London 1857 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Mackay, E., Report on Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, Iraq, Field Museum of Natural History, Anthropology Memoirs I/3, Chicago 1931 | Mackay, E., Report on Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, Iraq, Field Museum of Natural History, Anthropology Memoirs I/3, Chicago 1931 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Mair, V., Modern Chinese Writing, in Daniels, P., Bright, W. (ed.), The World' | Mair, V., Modern Chinese Writing, in Daniels, P., Bright, W. (ed.), The World' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Margueron, J., Recherches sur les palais mésopotamiens de l'Age du bronze, Paris 1982 | Margueron, J., Recherches sur les palais mésopotamiens de l'Age du bronze, Paris 1982 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Martin, H., Fara: A Reconstruction of the Ancient Mesopotamian City of Shuruppak, Birmingham 1988 | Martin, H., Fara: A Reconstruction of the Ancient Mesopotamian City of Shuruppak, Birmingham 1988 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Marzahn, J., Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte aus Girsu/ | Marzahn, J., Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte aus Girsu/ | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Matthews, R., The World' | Matthews, R., The World' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, 1988, Iraq 51, 1989, 225-248 + plts. 33-34 | + | //id.//, Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, 1988, Iraq 51, 1989, 225-248 + plts. 33-34 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, 1989, Iraq 52, 1990, 25-39 | + | //id.//, Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, 1989, Iraq 52, 1990, 25-39 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Clay Sealings in Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: | + | //id.//, Clay Sealings in Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Jemdet Nasr: the Site and the Period, Biblical Archaeologist 55, 1992, 196-203 | + | //id.//, Jemdet Nasr: the Site and the Period, Biblical Archaeologist 55, 1992, 196-203 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Cities, Seals and Writing: Archaic Seal Impressions from Jemdet Nasr and Ur, MSVO 2, Berlin 1993 | + | //id.//, Cities, Seals and Writing: Archaic Seal Impressions from Jemdet Nasr and Ur, MSVO 2, Berlin 1993 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Meer, P. van der, Dix-sept tablettes semi-pictographiques, | Meer, P. van der, Dix-sept tablettes semi-pictographiques, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Melekeçvili, | Melekeçvili, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Meriggi, P., Altsumerische und proto-elamische Bilderschrift, | Meriggi, P., Altsumerische und proto-elamische Bilderschrift, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., La scrittura proto-elamica I-III, Rome 1971-74 | + | //id.//, La scrittura proto-elamica I-III, Rome 1971-74 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Der Stand der Erforschung des Proto-elamischen, | + | //id.//, Der Stand der Erforschung des Proto-elamischen, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Michalowski, | Michalowski, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Memory and Deed: The Historiography of the Political Expansion of the Akkad State, in Liverani, M. (ed.), Akkad, The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions, Padua 1993, 69-90 | + | //id.//, Memory and Deed: The Historiography of the Political Expansion of the Akkad State, in Liverani, M. (ed.), Akkad, The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions, Padua 1993, 69-90 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Writing and Literacy in Early States: A Mesopotamianist Perspective, | + | //id.//, Writing and Literacy in Early States: A Mesopotamianist Perspective, |
| Millard, A., The Bevelled-Rim Bowls: Their Purpose and Significance, | Millard, A., The Bevelled-Rim Bowls: Their Purpose and Significance, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Moorey, P. R. S., Kish Excavations 1923-1933, Oxford-New York 1978 | Moorey, P. R. S., Kish Excavations 1923-1933, Oxford-New York 1978 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Mudar, K., Early Dynastic III Animal Utilization in Lagash: A Report of the Fauna of Tell al-Hiba, JNES 41, 1982, 23-34 | Mudar, K., Early Dynastic III Animal Utilization in Lagash: A Report of the Fauna of Tell al-Hiba, JNES 41, 1982, 23-34 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Mynors, H., An Examination of Mesopotamian Ceramics Using Petrographic and Neutron Activation Analysis, in Aspinall, A., Warren, S. (ed.), Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium on Archaeometry, | Mynors, H., An Examination of Mesopotamian Ceramics Using Petrographic and Neutron Activation Analysis, in Aspinall, A., Warren, S. (ed.), Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium on Archaeometry, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Nagel, W., Getreide: Archäologie, | Nagel, W., Getreide: Archäologie, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Frühe Grossplastik und die Hochkulturkunst am Erythräischen Meer, Berliner Jahrbuch für Vor- und Frühgeschichte 6, 1966, 1-54 + plts. I-XIV | + | //id.//, Frühe Grossplastik und die Hochkulturkunst am Erythräischen Meer, Berliner Jahrbuch für Vor- und Frühgeschichte 6, 1966, 1-54 + plts. I-XIV |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Nikol' | Nikol' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Nissen, H., Remarks on the Uruk IVa and III Forerunners, | Nissen, H., Remarks on the Uruk IVa and III Forerunners, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Grabung in den Quadraten K/L XII in Uruk-Warka, BagM 5, 1970, 101-191 | + | //id.//, Grabung in den Quadraten K/L XII in Uruk-Warka, BagM 5, 1970, 101-191 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Aspects of the Development of Early Cylinder Seals, in Gibson, M., Biggs R. (ed.), Seals and Sealing in the Ancient Near East, BiMes. 6, 1977, 15-23 | + | //id.//, Aspects of the Development of Early Cylinder Seals, in Gibson, M., Biggs R. (ed.), Seals and Sealing in the Ancient Near East, BiMes. 6, 1977, 15-23 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Bemerkungen zur Listenliteratur Vorderasiens im 3. Jahrtausend, | + | //id.//, Bemerkungen zur Listenliteratur Vorderasiens im 3. Jahrtausend, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Grundzüge einer Geschichte der Frühzeit des Vorderen Orients, Darmstadt 1983 | + | //id.//, Grundzüge einer Geschichte der Frühzeit des Vorderen Orients, Darmstadt 1983 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Ortsnamen in den archaischen Texten aus Uruk, Or. 54, 1985, 226-233 | + | //id.//, Ortsnamen in den archaischen Texten aus Uruk, Or. 54, 1985, 226-233 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Development of Writing and of Glyptic Art, in Finkbeiner, U., Röllig, W. (ed.) Gamdat Nasr: Period or Regional Style?, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B 62, Wiesbaden 1986, 316-331 | + | //id.//, The Development of Writing and of Glyptic Art, in Finkbeiner, U., Röllig, W. (ed.) Gamdat Nasr: Period or Regional Style?, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B 62, Wiesbaden 1986, 316-331 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Context of the Emergence of Writing in Mesopotamia and Iran, in Curtis, J. (ed.), Early Mesopotamia and Iran: Contact and Conflict 3500-1600 B.C., London 1993, 54-71 | + | //id.//, The Context of the Emergence of Writing in Mesopotamia and Iran, in Curtis, J. (ed.), Early Mesopotamia and Iran: Contact and Conflict 3500-1600 B.C., London 1993, 54-71 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Katalog der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 4, Berlin forthcoming | + | //id.//, Katalog der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 4, Berlin forthcoming |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Nissen, H., Damerow, P., Englund, R., Frühe Schrift und Techniken der Wirtschaftsverwaltung im alten Vorderen Orient, Berlin 21991 | Nissen, H., Damerow, P., Englund, R., Frühe Schrift und Techniken der Wirtschaftsverwaltung im alten Vorderen Orient, Berlin 21991 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Archaic Bookkeeping: | + | //id.//, Archaic Bookkeeping: |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Noegel, S., An Asymmetrical Janus Parallelism in the Gilgamesh Flood Story, ASJ 16, 306-308 | Noegel, S., An Asymmetrical Janus Parallelism in the Gilgamesh Flood Story, ASJ 16, 306-308 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Nöldecke, A., et al., Vierter vorläufiger Bericht ... Uruk-Warka ..., Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, | Nöldecke, A., et al., Vierter vorläufiger Bericht ... Uruk-Warka ..., Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Funfter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1933, Nr. 5, Berlin 1934 | + | //id.//, Funfter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1933, Nr. 5, Berlin 1934 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Siebenter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1935, Nr. 4, Berlin 1936 | + | //id.//, Siebenter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1935, Nr. 4, Berlin 1936 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Achter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1936, Nr. 13, Berlin 1937 | + | //id.//, Achter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1936, Nr. 13, Berlin 1937 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Neunter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1937, Nr. 11, Berlin 1938 | + | //id.//, Neunter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1937, Nr. 11, Berlin 1938 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Zehnter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1939, Nr. 2, Berlin 1939 | + | //id.//, Zehnter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1939, Nr. 2, Berlin 1939 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Elfter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1940, Nr. 3, Berlin 1940 | + | //id.//, Elfter vorläufiger Bericht ..., APAW 1940, Nr. 3, Berlin 1940 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| North, R., Status of the Warka Excavation, Or. 13, 1957, 185-255 | North, R., Status of the Warka Excavation, Or. 13, 1957, 185-255 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Oates, D., J., The Rise of Civilization, | Oates, D., J., The Rise of Civilization, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Oates, J., et al., The Sea-faring Merchants of Ur?, Antiquity 51, 1977, 221-234 | Oates, J., et al., The Sea-faring Merchants of Ur?, Antiquity 51, 1977, 221-234 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Oppenheim, A. L., On an Operational Device in Mesopotamian Bureaucracy, | Oppenheim, A. L., On an Operational Device in Mesopotamian Bureaucracy, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Ancient Mesopotamia: | + | //id.//, Ancient Mesopotamia: |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Orthmann, W., Der alte Orient, Propyläen Kunstgeschichte 14, Frankfurt-Berlin-Vienna 1975 | Orthmann, W., Der alte Orient, Propyläen Kunstgeschichte 14, Frankfurt-Berlin-Vienna 1975 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Parpola, S., Transliterations of Sumerian: Problems and Prospects, in Karki, I. (ed.), Studia Orientalia 46, Fs. A. Salonen, Helsinki 1975, 239-257 | Parpola, S., Transliterations of Sumerian: Problems and Prospects, in Karki, I. (ed.), Studia Orientalia 46, Fs. A. Salonen, Helsinki 1975, 239-257 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Parrot, A., RA 30, 1933, 175 | Parrot, A., RA 30, 1933, 175 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Tello. Vingt campagnes de fouilles (1877-1933), | + | //id.//, Tello. Vingt campagnes de fouilles (1877-1933), |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Les fouilles de Mari. Quatorzième campagne, printemps 1964, Syria 42, 1965, 12 | + | //id.//, Les fouilles de Mari. Quatorzième campagne, printemps 1964, Syria 42, 1965, 12 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Payne, S., Partial Recovery and Sample Bias: The Results of Some Sieving Experiments, | Payne, S., Partial Recovery and Sample Bias: The Results of Some Sieving Experiments, | ||
| - | id., in Clason, A. (ed.), Archaeozoological Studies, Amsterdam-Oxford 1975, p. 13. | + | //id.//, in Clason, A. (ed.), Archaeozoological Studies, Amsterdam-Oxford 1975, p. 13. |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Pettinato, G., L' | Pettinato, G., L' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Testi lessicali monolingui della Biblioteca L. 2769, MEE 3, Naples 1981 | + | //id.//, Testi lessicali monolingui della Biblioteca L. 2769, MEE 3, Naples 1981 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Liste presargoniche di uccelli nella documentazione di Fara ed Ebla, OrAnt. 17, 1978, 165-178 + plts. 14-16 | + | //id.//, Liste presargoniche di uccelli nella documentazione di Fara ed Ebla, OrAnt. 17, 1978, 165-178 + plts. 14-16 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Pomponio, F., The Fara Lists of Proper Names, JAOS 104, 1984, 553-558 | Pomponio, F., The Fara Lists of Proper Names, JAOS 104, 1984, 553-558 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Porada, E., Iranian Art and Archaeology: | Porada, E., Iranian Art and Archaeology: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Postgate, J. N., Excavations at Abu Salabikh, 1975, Iraq 38, 1976, 133-161 | Postgate, J. N., Excavations at Abu Salabikh, 1975, Iraq 38, 1976, 133-161 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Early Dynastic Burial Customs at Abu Salabikh, Sumer 36, 1980, 65-82 | + | //id.//, Early Dynastic Burial Customs at Abu Salabikh, Sumer 36, 1980, 65-82 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Postgate, J. N., Moorey, P. R. S., Excavations at Abu Salabikh, 1975, Iraq 38, 1976, 133-169 | Postgate, J. N., Moorey, P. R. S., Excavations at Abu Salabikh, 1975, Iraq 38, 1976, 133-169 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Potts, D., On Salt and Salt Gathering in Ancient Mesopotamia, | Potts, D., On Salt and Salt Gathering in Ancient Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Powell, M., Sumerian Area Measures and the Alleged Decimal Substratum, ZA 62, 1972, 165-221 | Powell, M., Sumerian Area Measures and the Alleged Decimal Substratum, ZA 62, 1972, 165-221 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Three Problems in the History of Cuneiform Writing: Origins, Direction of Script, Literacy, Visible Language 15, 1981, 419-440 | + | //id.//, Three Problems in the History of Cuneiform Writing: Origins, Direction of Script, Literacy, Visible Language 15, 1981, 419-440 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Salt, Seed, and Yields in Sumerian Agriculture. A Critique of the Theory of Progressive Salinization, | + | //id.//, Salt, Seed, and Yields in Sumerian Agriculture. A Critique of the Theory of Progressive Salinization, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Qualls, C., Early shipping in Mesopotamia, | Qualls, C., Early shipping in Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Reade, J., An Early Warka Tablet, in Hrouda, B., Kroll, S., Spanos, P. (ed.), Von Uruk nach Tuttul, Fs. Strommenger, | Reade, J., An Early Warka Tablet, in Hrouda, B., Kroll, S., Spanos, P. (ed.), Von Uruk nach Tuttul, Fs. Strommenger, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Redding, R., The Faunal Remains, in H. Wright (ed.), An Early Town on the Deh Luran Plain, Excavations at Tepe Farukhabad, Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, | Redding, R., The Faunal Remains, in H. Wright (ed.), An Early Town on the Deh Luran Plain, Excavations at Tepe Farukhabad, Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Reimpell, W., Geschichte der babylonischen und assyrischen Kleidung, Berlin 1921 | Reimpell, W., Geschichte der babylonischen und assyrischen Kleidung, Berlin 1921 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Renfrew, J. , Cereals Cultivated in Ancient Iraq, BSA 1, 1984, 32-44 | Renfrew, J. , Cereals Cultivated in Ancient Iraq, BSA 1, 1984, 32-44 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Rivoyre, D. de, vrais arabes et leurs pays. Bagdad et les villes ignorées de l' | Rivoyre, D. de, vrais arabes et leurs pays. Bagdad et les villes ignorées de l' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Roaf, M., Paléorient 2, 1974, 501 | Roaf, M., Paléorient 2, 1974, 501 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Robinson, A., The Story of Writing: Alphabets, Hieroglyphs and Pictographs, | Robinson, A., The Story of Writing: Alphabets, Hieroglyphs and Pictographs, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Röhr, H., Writing: Its Evolution and Relation to Speech, Bochum 1994 | Röhr, H., Writing: Its Evolution and Relation to Speech, Bochum 1994 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Römer, W., Einführung in die Sumerologie, | Römer, W., Einführung in die Sumerologie, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Safar, F., Eridu: A Preliminary Report on the Third Season' | Safar, F., Eridu: A Preliminary Report on the Third Season' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Safar, F., Mustafa, M. A., Lloyd, S., Eridu, Baghdad 1981 | Safar, F., Mustafa, M. A., Lloyd, S., Eridu, Baghdad 1981 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Salonen, A., Die Wasserfahrzeuge in Babylonien nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen (mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der 4. Tafel der Serie ˆAR-ra= ∆ubullu). Eine lexikalische und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung, | Salonen, A., Die Wasserfahrzeuge in Babylonien nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen (mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der 4. Tafel der Serie ˆAR-ra= ∆ubullu). Eine lexikalische und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Nautica Babyloniaca Eine lexikalische und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung, | + | //id.//, Nautica Babyloniaca Eine lexikalische und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Fischerei im alten Mesopotamien nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen, AASF B166, Helsinki 1970 | + | //id.//, Die Fischerei im alten Mesopotamien nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen, AASF B166, Helsinki 1970 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Sampson, G., Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, | Sampson, G., Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Scheil, V., Textes élamites-sémitiques, | Scheil, V., Textes élamites-sémitiques, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Documents en écriture proto-élamite, | + | //id.//, Documents en écriture proto-élamite, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Tablettes pictographiques, | + | //id.//, Tablettes pictographiques, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Schmandt-Besserat, | Schmandt-Besserat, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., An Archaic Recording System and the Origin of Writing, Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 1/2, 1977, 31-70 | + | //id.//, An Archaic Recording System and the Origin of Writing, Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 1/2, 1977, 31-70 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Envelopes that Bear the First Writing, Technology and Culture 21, 1980, 357-385 | + | //id.//, The Envelopes that Bear the First Writing, Technology and Culture 21, 1980, 357-385 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., From Tokens to Tablets: A Re-evaluation of the So-called " | + | //id.//, From Tokens to Tablets: A Re-evaluation of the So-called " |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Before Numerals, Visible Language 18, 1984, 48-60 | + | //id.//, Before Numerals, Visible Language 18, 1984, 48-60 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Origins of Writing: An Archaeologist' | + | //id.//, The Origins of Writing: An Archaeologist' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Tokens at Susa, OrAnt. 25, 1986, 93-125 + plts. IV-X | + | //id.//, Tokens at Susa, OrAnt. 25, 1986, 93-125 + plts. IV-X |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Before Writing, Austin 1992 | + | //id.//, Before Writing, Austin 1992 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Schretter, M., Sumerische Phonologie: Zu Konsonantenverbindungen und Silbenstruktur, | Schretter, M., Sumerische Phonologie: Zu Konsonantenverbindungen und Silbenstruktur, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Selz, G., Review of Hayes, J., A Manual of Sumerian Grammar and Texts, in OLZ 87, 1992, 136-148 | Selz, G., Review of Hayes, J., A Manual of Sumerian Grammar and Texts, in OLZ 87, 1992, 136-148 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Maç-da-ri-a und Verwandtes. Ein Versuch über da–ri "an der Seite führen": | + | //id.//, Maç-da-ri-a und Verwandtes. Ein Versuch über da–ri "an der Seite führen": |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Serjeant, R., Fisher-folk and Fish-traps in al-Bahrain, BSOAS 31, 1968, 486-514 | Serjeant, R., Fisher-folk and Fish-traps in al-Bahrain, BSOAS 31, 1968, 486-514 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Shendge, M., The Use of Seals and the Invention of Writing, JESHO 26, 1983, 113-136 | Shendge, M., The Use of Seals and the Invention of Writing, JESHO 26, 1983, 113-136 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Sigrist, M., Messenger Texts from the British Museum, Potomac, MD 1990 | Sigrist, M., Messenger Texts from the British Museum, Potomac, MD 1990 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Smith, J., Historical Observations on the Conditions of the Fisheries Among Ancient Greeks and Romans, and on Their Mode of Salting and Pickling Fish, U.S. Commission on Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner for 1873-4 and 1874-5, Washington 1876 | Smith, J., Historical Observations on the Conditions of the Fisheries Among Ancient Greeks and Romans, and on Their Mode of Salting and Pickling Fish, U.S. Commission on Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner for 1873-4 and 1874-5, Washington 1876 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Sollberger, E., Sumerica, ZA 53, 1959, 2-8 | Sollberger, E., Sumerica, ZA 53, 1959, 2-8 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Steinkeller, | Steinkeller, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., On the Reading and Location of the Toponyms °Rx°.KI and A.ˆA.KI, JCS 32, 1980, 23-33 | + | //id.//, On the Reading and Location of the Toponyms °Rx°.KI and A.ˆA.KI, JCS 32, 1980, 23-33 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., On the Reading and Meaning of igi-kár and gúrum(IGI.GAR), | + | //id.//, On the Reading and Meaning of igi-kár and gúrum(IGI.GAR), |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., The Administrative and Economic Organization of the Ur III State: The Core and the Periphery, in Gibson, M., Biggs, R. (ed.), The Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East, SAOC 46, Chicago 1987, 19-41 | + | //id.//, The Administrative and Economic Organization of the Ur III State: The Core and the Periphery, in Gibson, M., Biggs, R. (ed.), The Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East, SAOC 46, Chicago 1987, 19-41 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, | + | //id.//, Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, |
| - | id., Review of Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, in BiOr. 52, 1995, 689-713 | + | //id.//, Review of Green, M., Nissen, H., Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 2, Berlin 1987, in BiOr. 52, 1995, 689-713 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Review of Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 3, Berlin 1993, in AfO 42/43, 1995-96, 211-214 | + | //id.//, Review of Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 3, Berlin 1993, in AfO 42/43, 1995-96, 211-214 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Stol, M., Milk, Butter, and Cheese, BSA 7, 1993, 99-113 | Stol, M., Milk, Butter, and Cheese, BSA 7, 1993, 99-113 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Milch(produkte), | + | //id.//, Milch(produkte), |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Strommenger, | Strommenger, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Habuba Kabira: eine Stadt vor 5000 Jahren, Mainz 1980 | + | //id.//, Habuba Kabira: eine Stadt vor 5000 Jahren, Mainz 1980 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Kleidung: Archäologisch, | + | //id.//, Kleidung: Archäologisch, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Struve, V., Some New Data on the Organization of Labour and on Social Structure in Sumer during the Reign of the IIIrd Dynasty of Ur, in Diakonoff, I. (ed.), Ancient Mesopotamia: | Struve, V., Some New Data on the Organization of Labour and on Social Structure in Sumer during the Reign of the IIIrd Dynasty of Ur, in Diakonoff, I. (ed.), Ancient Mesopotamia: | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Sürenhagen, | Sürenhagen, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Szarzynska, K., Some of the Oldest Cult Symbols in Archaic Uruk, JEOL 30, 1987-88, 3-21 | Szarzynska, K., Some of the Oldest Cult Symbols in Archaic Uruk, JEOL 30, 1987-88, 3-21 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Thesiger, W., The Marsh Arabs, London 1964 | Thesiger, W., The Marsh Arabs, London 1964 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Thomsen, M.-L., 'The Home of the Fish': A New Interpretation, | Thomsen, M.-L., 'The Home of the Fish': A New Interpretation, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| F. Thureau-Dangin, | F. Thureau-Dangin, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Tilke, M., Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des orientalischen Kostüms, Berlin 1923 | Tilke, M., Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des orientalischen Kostüms, Berlin 1923 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Tosi, M., Catalogue to the exhibition of the Museo Nazionale d'arte orientale, 14.5 - 19.7.1981 | Tosi, M., Catalogue to the exhibition of the Museo Nazionale d'arte orientale, 14.5 - 19.7.1981 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Early Maritime Cultures of the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, in al-Khalifa, S., Rice, M. (ed.), Bahrain Through the Ages: The Archaeology, | + | //id.//, Early Maritime Cultures of the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, in al-Khalifa, S., Rice, M. (ed.), Bahrain Through the Ages: The Archaeology, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Turnbull, P., Reed, C., The Fauna from the Terminal Pleistocene of Palegawra Cave. A Zarzian Occupation Site in Northeastern Iraq, Fieldiana Anthropology 63/3, 1974, 81-146 | Turnbull, P., Reed, C., The Fauna from the Terminal Pleistocene of Palegawra Cave. A Zarzian Occupation Site in Northeastern Iraq, Fieldiana Anthropology 63/3, 1974, 81-146 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Vaiman, A., Über die protosumerische Schrift, ActAntH. 22, 1974, 15-27 | Vaiman, A., Über die protosumerische Schrift, ActAntH. 22, 1974, 15-27 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Eisen in Sumer, AfO Beih. 19, 1982, 33-37 | + | //id.//, Eisen in Sumer, AfO Beih. 19, 1982, 33-37 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Über die Beziehung der protoelamischen zur protosumerischen Schrift, BagM 20, 1989, 101-114 | + | //id.//, Über die Beziehung der protoelamischen zur protosumerischen Schrift, BagM 20, 1989, 101-114 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Protosumerische Mass- und Zählsysteme, | + | //id.//, Protosumerische Mass- und Zählsysteme, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Bezeichnung von Sklaven und Sklavinnen in der protosumerischen Schrift, BagM 20, 1989, 121-133 | + | //id.//, Die Bezeichnung von Sklaven und Sklavinnen in der protosumerischen Schrift, BagM 20, 1989, 121-133 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Zur Entzifferung der proto-sumerischen Schrift (Vorlaufige Mitteilung), | + | //id.//, Zur Entzifferung der proto-sumerischen Schrift (Vorlaufige Mitteilung), |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Formale Besonderheiten der proto-sumerischen Texte, BagM 21, 1990, 103-113 | + | //id.//, Formale Besonderheiten der proto-sumerischen Texte, BagM 21, 1990, 103-113 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Zeichen é und LëL in den proto-sumerischen Texten aus Djemdet-Nasr, | + | //id.//, Die Zeichen é und LëL in den proto-sumerischen Texten aus Djemdet-Nasr, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Vallat, F., Les documents épigraphique de l' | Vallat, F., Les documents épigraphique de l' | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Le matérial épigraphique des couches 18 à 14 de l' | + | //id.//, Le matérial épigraphique des couches 18 à 14 de l' |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Vanstiphout, | Vanstiphout, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Veenhof, K., SAG.IL2.LA = saggilû, " | Veenhof, K., SAG.IL2.LA = saggilû, " | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Veldhuis, N., Review of Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 3, Berlin 1993, in BiOr. 52, 1995, 433-440 | Veldhuis, N., Review of Englund, R., Nissen, H., Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, ATU 3, Berlin 1993, in BiOr. 52, 1995, 433-440 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Vito, R. di, Studies in Third Millennium Sumerian and Akkadian Personal Names: the Designation and Conception of the Personal God, Studia Pohl SM 16, Rome 1993 | Vito, R. di, Studies in Third Millennium Sumerian and Akkadian Personal Names: the Designation and Conception of the Personal God, Studia Pohl SM 16, Rome 1993 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Waetzoldt, H., Untersuchungen zur neusumerischen Textilindustrie, | Waetzoldt, H., Untersuchungen zur neusumerischen Textilindustrie, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Zu den Strandverschiebungen am Persischen Golf und den Bezeichnungen der Óørs, in: Schäfer, J., Simon, W. (ed.), Strandverschiebungen in ihrer Bedeutung für Geowissenschaften und Archäologie, | + | //id.//, Zu den Strandverschiebungen am Persischen Golf und den Bezeichnungen der Óørs, in: Schäfer, J., Simon, W. (ed.), Strandverschiebungen in ihrer Bedeutung für Geowissenschaften und Archäologie, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Zur Terminologie der Metalle in den Texten aus Ebla, in Cagni, L. (ed.), La lingua di Ebla, Naples 1981, 363-378 | + | //id.//, Zur Terminologie der Metalle in den Texten aus Ebla, in Cagni, L. (ed.), La lingua di Ebla, Naples 1981, 363-378 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Kleidung: Philologisch, | + | //id.//, Kleidung: Philologisch, |
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., Die Situation der Frauen und Kinder anhand ihrer Einkommensverhältnisse zur Zeit der III. Dynastie von Ur, AoF 15, 1988, 30-44 | + | //id.//, Die Situation der Frauen und Kinder anhand ihrer Einkommensverhältnisse zur Zeit der III. Dynastie von Ur, AoF 15, 1988, 30-44 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Watelin, L., Langdon, S., Excavations at Kish IV 1925-1930, Paris 1934 | Watelin, L., Langdon, S., Excavations at Kish IV 1925-1930, Paris 1934 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Waterman, J., The Production of Dried Fish, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper no. 160, Rome 1976 | Waterman, J., The Production of Dried Fish, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper no. 160, Rome 1976 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Watt, B., Merrill, A., Composition of Foods, Agricultural Handbook No. 8, Washington, D.C., 1975 | Watt, B., Merrill, A., Composition of Foods, Agricultural Handbook No. 8, Washington, D.C., 1975 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Weiss, H., Young, T., The Merchants of Susa, Iran 13, 1975, 1-18 | Weiss, H., Young, T., The Merchants of Susa, Iran 13, 1975, 1-18 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Westbrook, R., Slave and Master in Ancient Near Eastern Law, Chicago-Kent Law Review 70, 1995, 1631-1676 | Westbrook, R., Slave and Master in Ancient Near Eastern Law, Chicago-Kent Law Review 70, 1995, 1631-1676 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Westphal, H., Westphal-Hellbusch, | Westphal, H., Westphal-Hellbusch, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Wickede, A. von, Prähistorische Stempelglyptik in Vorderasien, | Wickede, A. von, Prähistorische Stempelglyptik in Vorderasien, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Wiggermann, F., Aan de wieg van het schrift: Mesopotamische spijkerschrifttabletten uit 2900-400 v.C., Exhibition catalogue, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 24.4.-9.6.1992 | Wiggermann, F., Aan de wieg van het schrift: Mesopotamische spijkerschrifttabletten uit 2900-400 v.C., Exhibition catalogue, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 24.4.-9.6.1992 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Wilcke, C., Formale Gesichtspunkte in der sumerischen Literatur, in Lieberman, S., Sumeriological Studies in Honor of Thorkild Jacobsen, Fs. Jacobsen, AS 20, Chicago 1976, 205-316 | Wilcke, C., Formale Gesichtspunkte in der sumerischen Literatur, in Lieberman, S., Sumeriological Studies in Honor of Thorkild Jacobsen, Fs. Jacobsen, AS 20, Chicago 1976, 205-316 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | id., in Behrens, H., Loding, M., Roth, M. (ed.), dumu-e2-dub-ba-a Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg, Occasional publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11, Philadelphia 1989, 559-569 | + | //id.//, in Behrens, H., Loding, M., Roth, M. (ed.), dumu-e2-dub-ba-a Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg, Occasional publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11, Philadelphia 1989, 559-569 |
| - | + | \\ | |
| Willie, O., Handbuch der Fischkonservierung, | Willie, O., Handbuch der Fischkonservierung, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Wölffling, S., Die Altertums- und Orientwissenschaft im Dienst des deutschen Imperialismus, | Wölffling, S., Die Altertums- und Orientwissenschaft im Dienst des deutschen Imperialismus, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Yoshikawa, M., Review of Thomsen, M.-L., The Sumerian Language: An Introduction to its History and Grammatical Structure, Mesopotamia 10, Copenhagen 1984, in BiOr. 45, 1988, 499-509 | Yoshikawa, M., Review of Thomsen, M.-L., The Sumerian Language: An Introduction to its History and Grammatical Structure, Mesopotamia 10, Copenhagen 1984, in BiOr. 45, 1988, 499-509 | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| Zettler, R., Sealings as artifacts of institutional administration in ancient Mesopotamia, | Zettler, R., Sealings as artifacts of institutional administration in ancient Mesopotamia, | ||
| - | + | \\ | |
| - | Zimansky, P., Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, | + | Zimansky, P., Review of D. Schmandt-Besserat, |
