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--- 14c_dates_from_mesopotamia [2017/05/03 09:56] – [Khabur Valley] maciej
+++ 14c_dates_from_mesopotamia [2017/05/03 17:42] (current) – [Khabur Valley] maciej
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 ====== Radiocarbon Dates from Mesopotamian Sites ======
-The tables below list published radiocarbon dates from Mesopotamian sites (4th-3rd mill. BC). Please note that the dates are quoted in uncalibrated format. Calibration of radiocarbon dates can be performed using free, easy to use software available on-line. The most popular calibration programs include:
+The tables below list published radiocarbon dates from Mesopotamian sites (4th-3rd mill. BC). For a comprehensive database of radiocarbon dates for earlier prehistoric periods, see [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115300317 |  Reading Middle East Radiocarbon Database]]. Please note that the dates are quoted in uncalibrated format. Calibration of radiocarbon dates can be performed using free, easy to use software available on-line. The most popular calibration programs include:
 [[https://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=oxcal.html|OxCal]] (University of Oxford)\\
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 |Brak|OxA-7549|4110|45|EJZ 3|Seeds|Matthews 2003|
 |Brak|OxA-7479|4040|40|EJZ 3|Seeds|Matthews 2003|
-|Brak|BM-2511|3960|90|EJZ 3|Humic Acids|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2511|3960|90|EJZ 3|Humic Acids|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-1971R|3860|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1971R|3860|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-2531|3840|50|EJZ 3|Humins|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2531|3840|50|EJZ 3|Humins|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-1972R|3710|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1972R|3710|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-1973R|3870|100|EJZ 3|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1973R|3870|100|EJZ 3|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
 |Brak|Beta-110930|4040|50|EJZ 3|Carbonised Seeds|Courty 2011|
 |Brak|Beta-125320|4170|40|EJZ 3|Carbonised Seeds|Courty 2011|
-|Brak|BM-1760R|4240|100|EJZ 3|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1760R|4240|100|EJZ 3|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-1763R|3730|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1763R|3730|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-1764R|3710|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1764R|3710|100|EJZ 3|Seeds|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-2717|3680|50|EJZ 3|Seeds|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2717|3680|50|EJZ 3|Seeds|Ambers 2001|
 |Brak|OxA-7483|3915|40|EJZ 3|Seeds|Matthews 2003|
 |Brak|OxA-7484|3695|40|EJZ 3|Seeds|Matthews 2003|
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 |Brak|OxA-7487|3780|40|EJZ 3|Seeds|Matthews 2003|
 |Brak|OxA-7623|3815|40|Akkadian|Seeds|Matthews 2013|
-|Brak|BM-2554|3990|50|Akkadian|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2554|3990|50|Akkadian|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-2556|3960|50|Akkadian|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2556|3960|50|Akkadian|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-2687|3700|80|Akkadian|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2687|3700|80|Akkadian|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-2688|3780|50|Akkadian|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2688|3780|50|Akkadian|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-1970R|3820|100|Post-Akkadian|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-1970R|3820|100|Post-Akkadian|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
-|Brak|BM-2555|3730|50|Post-Akkadian|Charcoal|Oates et al. 2001|
+|Brak|BM-2555|3730|50|Post-Akkadian|Charcoal|Ambers 2001|
 |Leilan|UM-1817|6580|100|VIa|wood, grain|Schwartz 1988|
 |Leilan|UM-1812|4705|85|IV|grain|Schwartz 1988|
@@ Line 242: / Line 242: @@
 |Leilan|AA7025|3940|60|IIa|Seeds|Weiss et al. 1993|
 |Leilan|AA7026|3930|60|IIa|Seeds|Weiss et al. 1993|
-|Leilan|AA7027|4100|65|IIa|Seeds|Manning in prerp|
 |Leilan|AA-7028|4005|65|IIa|Charred Seeds|Weiss et al. 1993|
 |Leilan|AA-7020|3935|65|IIa|Charred Seeds|Weiss et al. 1993|
@@ Line 255: / Line 254: @@
 |Leilan|AA-8661|3610|75|IIb Terminal|Charred seeds|Weiss et al. 1993|
 |Leilan|AA-7202|3885|65|IIb|Charred seeds|Weiss et al. 1993|
+|Khuera|KN-5730|4120|40|Ic|Charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5731|3985|35|Ic|Seeds|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5732|4105|40|Ic|Charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5733|3870|30|Id|Charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5734|3825|30|Id|Charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5735|3970|40|Ic|Seeds and charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5736|3975|40|Ie|Charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5737|3965|35|Ic|Seeds and charcoal|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Khuera|KN-5738|3905|35|Ic|Seeds|Weninger et al. 2010|
+|Beydar|OxA-10184|4255|40|II-IIIa|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|LTL-1074A|4163|50|II-IIIa|Seeds|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1070A|4131|45|II-IIIa|Seeds|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|OxA-10285|3800|40|II-IIIa|Charcoal|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10170|4070|45|II-IIIa|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|LTL-1069A|4091|45|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|OxA-10232|3934|30|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10150|3935|65|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10157|3955|40|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|LTL-1116A|4016|45|IIIa-IIIb|Charcoal|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1113A|3945|45|IIIa-IIIb|Charcoal|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1112A|3940|50|IIIa-IIIb|Charcoal|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1068A|3884|45|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1073A|3878|45|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1081A|3851|45|IIIa-IIIb|Charcoal|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-1075A|3925|50|IIIa-IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-1067A|3894|50|IIIb|Charcoal|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|OxA-10151|3970|55|IIIb|Charcoal|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10155|3965|45|IIIb|Charcoal|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10156|3910|45|IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10171|4025|50|IIIb|Charcoal|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10158|3885|45|IIIb|Charcoal|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|LTL-1115A|3852|45|IIIb|Charcoal|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-1072A|3900|35|IIIb|Seeds|Milano & Rova 2008|
+|Beydar|LTL-2956a|3895|35|IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-2957a|3755|40|IIIb|Seeds|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-2958a|3755|45|Akkadian|Seeds|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-1114a|3801|55|Akkadian|Charcoal|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-1065a|3902|40|Akkadian|Wood|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|OxA-10168|3970|45|Akkadian|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|OxA-10169|3855|40|Akkadian|Seeds|Lebeau & Milano 2003|
+|Beydar|LTL-2954A|3820|60|Akkadian|Charcoal|Lebeau 2011|
+|Beydar|LTL-2955A|3800|80|Akkadian|Charcoal|Lebeau 2011|
+|Mozan|UCl-145|4340|170|Ninevite 5|Charcoal|Buccellati & Kelly-Buccellati 1995|
+|Mozan|UCl-144|3930|60|ED|Charcoal|Buccellati & Kelly-Buccellati 1995|
+|Raqa'i|Ute-822|4020|90|Ninevite 5|Seeds|Curvers & Schwatrz 1990|
+|Raqa'i|Ute-823|4020|70|Ninevite 5|Seeds|Curvers & Schwatrz 1990|
+|Kazane|AA-68981|3939|41|ED|Seeds|Creekmore 2008|
+|Kazane|AA-68983|3911|44|ED|Wood?|Creekmore 2008|
+|Kazane|AA-68982|3958|44|ED|Seeds|Creekmore 2008|
+|Kerma|OxA-2082|4230|70|Ninevite 5?|Charred Seeds|Saghieh 1991|
+|Kerma|OxA-2083|4100|70|Ninevite 5?|Wood Charcoal|Saghieh 1991|
+|Ziyadeh|AA-30483|4210|50|Ninevite 5|Seeds|Hole 2001|
+|Ziyadeh|AA-30484|4445|50|Ninevite 5|Seeds|Hole 2001|
+|Ziyadeh|AA-30486|4415|50|Ninevite 5|Seeds|Hole 2001|
+|Ziyadeh|AA-30485|4385|50|Ninevite 5|Seeds|Hole 2001|
+|Kuran|Beta 75959|4710|60|Late Uruk|?|Hole 2001|
+|Kuran|AA30487 |4625|70|Late Uruk|?|Hole 2001|
+===== Bibliography =====
+  - Ambers, J. C. (2001). Radiocarbon Results for Tell Brak. In D. Oates, J. Oates, & H. McDonald (Eds.), Excavations at Tell Brak 2: Nagar in the Third Millennium BC (pp. 373–378). Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monographs.
+  - Barker, H., & Mackey, J. (1961). British Museum natural radiocarbon measurements III. Radiocarbon, 3(1), 39–45.
+  - Boehmer, R. M. (1991). 14C-Daten aus Uruk und Abydos - Ägytisches (?) im Frühen Nordsyrien, Sumer und Elam. Baghdader Mitteilungen, 22, 223–230.
+  - Bowman, S. G. E., Ambers, J. C., & Leese, M. N. (1990). Re-evaluation of British Museum radiocarbon dates issued between 1980 and 1984. Radiocarbon, 32(1), 59–79.
+  - Buccellati, G., & Kelly-Buccellati, M. (1995). The Identification of Urkesh with Tell Mozan (Syria). Orient-Express, 1995(3), 67–70.
+  - Courty, M. A. (2001). Evidence at Tell Brak for the Late ED III/Early Akkadian Air Blast Event (4kyr BP). In D. Oates, J. Oates, & H. MacDonald (Eds.), Excavations at Tell Brak 2: Nagar in the Third Millennium BC (pp. 367–72). Cambridge: Macdonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
+  - Creekmore, A. T. (2008). Kazane Höyük and Urban Life Histories in Third Millennium Upper Mesopotamia. Northwestern University.
+  - Curvers, H. H., & Schwartz, G. M. (1990). Excavations at Tell al-Raqā’i: A Small Rural Site of Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia. American Journal of Archaeology, 94(1), 3–23.
+  - Ess, van, M. (2013). Neue Radiokarondatierungen aus Uruk. In N. Crüsemann, M. van Ess, M. Hilgert, & B. Salje (Eds.), Uruk: 5000 Jahre Megacity. Petersburg: Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen.
+  - Ess, van, M. (2015). Absolute Chronology of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr Periods at Uruk, Southern Mesopotamia. The Interpretation of Additional 14C Samples. Zeitschrift Für Orient-Archäologie, 8, 10–37.
+  - Fishman, B., Forbes, H., & Lawn, B. (1977). University of Pennsylvania Radiocabron Dates XIX. Radiocarbon, 19(2), 188–288.
+  - Hole, F. (2001). A Radiocarbon Chronology for the Middle Khabur, Syria. Iraq, 63, 67–98.
+  - Hritz, C., Pournelle, J., Smith, J., Albadran, B., Issa, B. M., & Al-Handal, A. (2012). Mid-Holocene Dates For Organic-Rich Sediment, Palustrine Shell, And Charcoal From Southern Iraq. Radiocarbon, 54(1), 65–79.
+  - Lawn, B. (1973). University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV. Radiocarbon, 15(2), 367–381.
+  - Lebeau, M., & Milano, L. (2003). Radiocarbon Determinations for Tell Beydar. In M. Lebeau & A. Suleiman (Eds.), Tell Beydar, the 1995-1999 Seasons of Excavations (pp. 15–20). Brepols: Turnhout.
+  - Matthews, R. J. (2003). The Excavations at Tell Brak 4: Exploring an Upper Mesopotamian regional centre, 1994-96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
+  - Milano, L., & Rova, E. (2008). New Discoveries of the Ca’ Foscari University Venice Team at Tell Beydar (Syria). In J. M. Córdoba, M. Molist, M. C. Pérez, I. Rubio, & S. Martínez (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (pp. 587–608). Madrid: UAM Ediciones.
+  - Postgate, J. N. (1977). Excavations at Abu Salabikh, 1976. Iraq, 39(2), 269–299.
+  - Ristvet, L. (2011). Radiocarbon. In M. Lebeau (Ed.), Jezirah (pp. 301–326). Turnhout: Brepols.
+  - Ristvet, L., Guilderson, T., & Weiss, H. (2004). The Dynamics of State Development and Imperialization at Third Millennium Tell Leilan, Syria. Orient-Express, 8, 68–75.
+  - Saghieh, M. (1991). The Lebanese University Recent Excavations at Tell Kerma: a Salvage Operation on the Middle Khabur, NE Syria. In L. Meyer, de & H. Gasche (Eds.), Mesopotamie et Elam : Actes de la XXXVIème rencontre Assyrologique internationale, Gand, 10-14 juillet 1989 (pp. 171–184). Ghent: Ghent University.
+  - Schwartz, G. M. (1988). A Ceramic Chronology from Tell Leilan: Operation 1. New York: Hamilton Printing Co.
+  - Stuckenrath, R. J., & Ralph, E. K. (1965). University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates VIII. Radiocarbon, 7, 187–199.
+  - Weiss, H. (2012). Quantifying Collapse: The Late Third Millennium Khabur Plains. In H. Weiss (Ed.), Seven Generations Since the Fall of Akkad (pp. 1–24). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
+  - Weiss, H., Courty, M. A., Wetterstrom, W., Guichard, F., Senior, L., Meadow, R., & Curnow, A. (1993). The genesis and collapse of third millennium north Mesopotamian civilization. Science, 261, 995.
+  - Weiss, H., Lillis, de, F., DeMoulins, D., Eidem, J., Guilderson, T., Kasten, U., … Wetterstrom, W. (2002). Revising the contours of history at Tell Leilan. Annales Arch’{e}ologiques Arabes Syriennes, 45, 1–30.
+  - Weninger, B., Neef, R., & Meyer, J.-W. (2010). Zur Radiocarbondatierung der Fruehbronzezeit in Tell Chuera (Nordsyrien). In J.-W. Meyer (Ed.), Ausgrabungen in Tell Chuera in Nordost-Syrien II: Vorberichte zu den Grabungskampagnen 1998 bis 2005 (pp. 187–198). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
+  - Wright, H. T., & Rupley, E. S. A. (2001). Calibrated Radiocarbon Age Determinations of Uruk-Related Assemblies. In E. Rothman (Ed.), Uruk, Mesopotamia & Its Neighbours: Cross-Cultural Interactions in the Ear of State Formation. Santa Fe: SAR.
+  - Zaina, F. (2015). Radiocarbon Date from Early Dynastic Kish and the Stratigraphy and Chronology of the YWN Sounding at Tell Ingharra. Iraq, 77(1), 225–234.