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numbers_metrology_2nd_millennium [2014/12/19 10:00] – gombert | numbers_metrology_2nd_millennium [2016/01/26 21:12] (current) – [Numbers & Metrology in the 2nd millennium] gombert | ||
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====== Numbers & Metrology in the 2nd millennium ===== | ====== Numbers & Metrology in the 2nd millennium ===== | ||
- | (Return to [[numbers_metrology]]) | + | (Return to [[numbers_metrology]])\\ |
- | [[Old Assyrian private trade]] | + | |
- | + | | |
- | ------- | + | * [[Old Babylonian scribal schools]] |
- | ==== Old Babylonian scribal schools ==== | + | * [[Nuzi]] |
- | + | * [[Old Babylonian | |
- | **Sources**: the diagrams below represent data provided by metrological lists and tables from Nippur | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | **Scope**: Similar metrology is attested in other Old Babylonian scribal schools. The metrology taught in scribal schools was adopted in a large part of Mesopotamia. However, some minor variants may be observed in some administrative or economic archives from Southern Mesopotamia (see metrology in Old Babylonian Larsa, etc.), and important differences were cultivated in Northern regions (see metrology for example in Mari, Diyala Valley, Assur). \\ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | **Bibliography**: | + | |
- | * Proust, Christine. 2007. //Tablettes mathématiques de Nippur//. Istanbul: Institut Français d' | + | |
- | * Proust, Christine. 2009. [[http:// | + | |
- | * Robson, Eleanor. 2002. "More than metrology: mathematics education in an Old Babylonian | + | |
- | + | ||
- | === Metrological systems, in the order in which they appear in metrological lists and tables === | + | |
- | == Units of capacity == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | gin< | + | |
- | | **↓ × 60 ** ||| | + | |
- | | sila< | + | |
- | | **↓ × 10 ** ||| | + | |
- | | ban< | + | |
- | | **↓ × 6 ** ||| | + | |
- | | barig ((1 (barig): {{: | + | |
- | | **↓ × 5 ** ||| | + | |
- | | gur | {{ : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | == Units of weight == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | še | {{ : | + | |
- | | **↓ × 180 ** ||| | + | |
- | | gin< | + | |
- | | **↓ × 60 ** ||| | + | |
- | | ma-na | {{: | + | |
- | | **↓ × 60 ** ||| | + | |
- | | gun< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | == Units of surface and volume == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | sar | {{: | + | |
- | | **↓ × 100 ** ||| | + | |
- | | GAN< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | == Units of length == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | šu-si | {{: | + | |
- | | **↓ × 30 ** ||| | + | |
- | | kuš< | + | |
- | | **↓ × 12 ** ||| | + | |
- | | ninda | {{: | + | |
- | | **↓ × 60 ** ||| | + | |
- | | UŠ | {{: | + | |
- | | **↓ × 30 ** ||| | + | |
- | | danna | {{: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Note: in mathematical texts, the unit gin< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | == Bridges == | + | |
- | Bridge between length and surface units: 1 ninda × 1 ninda = 1 sar\\ | + | |
- | Bridge between surface and volume units: 1 volume-unit = 1 surface-unit × 1 kuš< | + | |
- | Bridge between volume and capacity units: 1 sar-volume is equivalent to 60 gur (ca. 18 m< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | === Numerical systems === | + | |
- | == System S, used for counting discrete items == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | | {{: | + | |
- | | šar’u | ::: | šar< | + | |
- | | 36 000 | ::: | 3 600 | ::: | 600 | ::: | 60 | ::: | 10 | ::: | 1 | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | == Variants of System S == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The highest units of capacity (gur) and weight (gun2) are counted with a variant of System S, where the number 1 is represented by the sign aš < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The other measuring units (sila3, gin2, še, sar, danna, UŠ, ninda, kuš and šu-si) are counted with < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | == System G, used for counting the highest unit of surface == | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | {{: | + | |
- | | šar’u | ::: | šar< | + | |
- | | 10 800 | ::: | 1 080 | ::: | 180 | ::: | 18 | ::: | 6 | ::: | 1 | ::: | ½ | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | === Fractions === | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | 1/6 | {{: | + | |
- | | 1/3 | {{: | + | |
- | | 1/2 | {{: | + | |
- | | 2/3 | {{: | + | |
- | | 5/6 | {{: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Page prepared by CP\\ | + | |
- | (digital version prepared by BG) | + |