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| === Typological structure === | === Typological structure === |
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| One major branch of linguistic investigation that has been particularly useful in the study of languages recovered from text-artifactual sources such as the cuneiform record is language typology. Recent work on language typology largely stems a seminal paper by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg Joseph Greenberg], “Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements,” (Greenberg 1963). Since Greenberg's description of language typology relies on implicational universals (if a language exhibit some phenomena A, then it must also exhibit some phenomena B), it is particularly useful in testing present-day analyses of ancient languages for which no native speakers remain. Although language typology has played a leading and explicit role in work by G. Steiner (1990; 1994) and, more recently, Jarle Ebeling ([http://email.eva.mpg.de/~cschmidt/SWL1/handouts/Ebeling.pdf 2004]), it most important consequences have come to reside in nearly all of the most important work on Sumerian grammar in the past few decades such as Yoshikawa's work on [[grammatical aspect]] and Michalowski's description of split [[ergativity]]. | One major branch of linguistic investigation that has been particularly useful in the study of languages recovered from text-artifactual sources such as the cuneiform record is language typology. Recent work on language typology largely stems a seminal paper by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg|Joseph Greenberg]], "Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements," (Greenberg 1963). Since Greenberg's description of language typology relies on implicational universals (if a language exhibit some phenomena A, then it must also exhibit some phenomena B), it is particularly useful in testing present-day analyses of ancient languages for which no native speakers remain. Although language typology has played a leading and explicit role in work by G. Steiner (1990; 1994) and, more recently, Jarle Ebeling ([[http://email.eva.mpg.de/~cschmidt/SWL1/handouts/Ebeling.pdf|2004]]), it most important consequences have come to reside in nearly all of the most important work on Sumerian grammar in the past few decades such as Yoshikawa's work on [[grammatical aspect]] and Michalowski's description of split [[ergativity]]. |
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| == Basic word order in Sumerian == | == Basic word order in Sumerian == |
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| == Bibliography == | == Bibliography == |
| *Greenberg, Joseph. 1963. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. In <i>Universals of Language</i>, pp. 73–113. Cambridge: MIT Press. | *Greenberg, Joseph. 1963. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. In //Universals of Language//, pp. 73–113. Cambridge: MIT Press. |
| *Steiner, G. 1990. Sumerisch und Elamisch: Typologische Parallelem. <i>Acta Sumerologica</i> 12: 143-176. | *Steiner, G. 1990. Sumerisch und Elamisch: Typologische Parallelem. //Acta Sumerologica// 12: 143-176. |
| *Steiner, G. 1994. Die sumerischen Verbalpräfixe mu= und e= im sprachtypologischen Vergleich. In ZDMG Suppl. 10, pp. 32-48 | *Steiner, G. 1994. Die sumerischen Verbalpräfixe mu= und e= im sprachtypologischen Vergleich. In ZDMG Suppl. 10, pp. 32-48 |
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