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| (return to [[Old Babylonian literature (Akkadian)]]) | (return to [[Old Babylonian literature (Akkadian)]]) |
| __NOTOC__ | |
| == Introduction == | |
| Originally published in 1925 by F. Thureau-Dangin, “Un hymne à Ištar de la Haute Époque Babylonienne” is “one of a small number lyrical texts from the Old Babylonian period” (Thureau-Dangin 1925, 169). Thureau-Dangin goes on to note that the most important (and famous) text in the genre is [[The Agushaya Poem]]. | |
| |
| It consists of fourteen strophes of four lines each, of which the last four strophes represent a prayer for the well-being of [[Ammiditana]], the ninth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, who reigned ca. 1683-1647 BC. These fourteen strophes are then followed by a refrain or chorus, which is described by the Sumerian phrase giš-gi-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi, a term that corresponds to Akkadian <i>mehru(m)</i>, which is presumably the basis of Foster's translation of the term as “antiphon.” | === To Ishtar === |
| | Originally published in 1925 by F. Thureau-Dangin, "Un hymne à Ishtar de la Haute Époque Babylonienne" is "one of a small number lyrical texts from the Old Babylonian period" (Thureau-Dangin 1925, 169). Thureau-Dangin goes on to note that the most important (and famous) text in the genre is [[The Agushaya Poem]]. |
| |
| == Transliteration and translation == | It consists of fourteen strophes of four lines each, of which the last four strophes represent a prayer for the well-being of [[Ammiditana]], the ninth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, who reigned ca. 1683-1647 BC. These fourteen strophes are then followed by a refrain or chorus, which is described by the Sumerian phrase gisz-gi-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi, a term that corresponds to Akkadian mehru(m), which is presumably the basis of Foster's translation of the term as "antiphon." |
| |
| === Strophe 1 === | === Transliteration and translation === |
| 1. <i>il#-ta-am zu-um-ra-a ra-šu-ub-ti i-la-tim</i> | |
| | == Strophe 1 == |
| | 1. il#-ta-am zu-um-ra-a ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim\\ |
| :: Of the goddess, the most fearsome of the goddesses, sing! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Of the goddess, the most fearsome of the goddesses, sing! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 2. <i>li-it-ta-i-id be-li-it ni-ši ra-bi-it i-gi-gi</i> | 2. li-it-ta-i-id be-li-it ni-szi ra-bi-it i-gi-gi\\ |
| :: May the lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi, be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: May the lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi, be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 3. <sup>d</sup>inanna <i>zu-um-ra ra-šu-ub-ti i-la-tim li-it-ta-i-id</i> | 3. <sup>d</sup>inanna zu-um-ra ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim li-it-ta-i-id\\ |
| :: Sing of Ishtar! May the most fearsome of the goddesses be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Sing of Ishtar! May the most fearsome of the goddesses be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 4. <i>be-li-it i-ši-i ra-bi-it i-gi-gi</i> | 4. be-li-it i-szi-i ra-bi-it i-gi-gi\\ |
| :: The lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: The lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 2 === | === Strophe 2 === |
| |
| 5. <i>ša-at me-le-ṣi-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-ša-at</i> | 5. sza-at me-le-ṣi-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at\\ |
| :: The joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: The joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 6. <i>za-a’-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am</i> | 6. za-a’-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am\\ |
| :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 7. <sup>d</sup>inanna <i>me-le-ṣi-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-ša-at</i> | 7. <sup>d</sup>inanna me-le-ṣi-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at\\ |
| :: Ishtar, the joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Ishtar, the joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 8. <i>za-a’-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am</i> | 8. za-a’-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am\\ |
| :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 3 === | === Strophe 3 === |
| 9. [<i>ša</i>]<i>-ap-ti-in du-uš-šu-pa-at ba-la-ṭu<sub>2</sub>-um pi<sub>2</sub>-i-ša</i> | 9. [sza]-ap-ti-in du-usz-szu-pa-at ba-la-ṭu<sub>2</sub>-um pi<sub>2</sub>-i-sza\\ |
| :: Her lips drip with honey, her mouth is life itself ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Her lips drip with honey, her mouth is life itself ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 10. <i>si-im-ti-iš-ša i-ha-an-ni-i-ma ṣi-ha-tum</i> | 10. si-im-ti-isz-sza i-ha-an-ni-i-ma ṣi-ha-tum\\ |
| :: Laughter flourishes in her . . . ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Laughter flourishes in her . . . ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 11. <i>šar-ha-at i-ri-mu ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub> re-šu-uš-ša</i> | 11. szar-ha-at i-ri-mu ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub> re-szu-usz-sza\\ |
| :: She is majestic, . . . on her head ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: She is majestic, . . . on her head ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 12. <i>ba-ni-a<sub>3</sub>-a ši-im-ta-a<sub>3</sub>-ša bi-it-ra-a-ma i-na-ša ši-it-a-ra</i> | 12. ba-ni-a<sub>3</sub>-a szi-im-ta-a<sub>3</sub>-sza bi-it-ra-a-ma i-na-sza szi-it-a-ra\\ |
| :: Her . . . are beautiful, her eyes are multicolored and iridescent ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Her . . . are beautiful, her eyes are multicolored and iridescent ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 4 === | === Strophe 4 === |
| 13. <i>el-tu-um iš-ta-a<sub>3</sub> ša i-ba-aš-ši mi-il<sub>2</sub>-ku-um</i> | 13. el-tu-um isz-ta-a<sub>3</sub> sza i-ba-asz-szi mi-il<sub>2</sub>-ku-um\\ |
| :: The pure one, who possesses counsel ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: The pure one, who possesses counsel ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| 14. <i>ši-ma-at mi-im-ma-mi qa<sub>2</sub>-ti-iš-ša ta-am-ha-at</i> | 14. szi-ma-at mi-im-ma-mi qa<sub>2</sub>-ti-isz-sza ta-am-ha-at\\ |
| :: The fate of any given thing . . . in her hand ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: The fate of any given thing . . . in her hand ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| 15. <i>na-ap-la-su-uš-ša ba-ni bu-a-ru-u<sub>2</sub></i> | 15. na-ap-la-su-usz-sza ba-ni bu-a-ru-u<sub>2</sub>\\ |
| :: At her glance, serenity comes into being ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: At her glance, serenity comes into being ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| 16. <i>ba-aš-tum ma-aš-ra-hu la-ma-as-su-um še-e-du-um</i> | 16. ba-asz-tum ma-asz-ra-hu la-ma-as-su-um sze-e-du-um\\ |
| :: Vitality, good health, good luck and spiritual protection ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: Vitality, good health, good luck and spiritual protection ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 5 === | === Strophe 5 === |
| 17. <i>ta-ar-ta-mi te-eš-me-e ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi ṭu-u<sub>2</sub>-bi</i> | 17. ta-ar-ta-mi te-esz-me-e ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi ṭu-u<sub>2</sub>-bi\\ |
| :: She loves obedience, mutual acts of love, and good will ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: She loves obedience, mutual acts of love, and good will ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| 18. <i>u<sub>3</sub> mi-it-gu-ra-am te-be-el ši-i-ma</i> | 18. u<sub>3</sub> mi-it-gu-ra-am te-be-el szi-i-ma\\ |
| :: She is the one who demands complaisance ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: She is the one who demands complaisance ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| 19. <i>ar-da-at ta-at-ta-ab um-ma ta-ra-aš-ši</i> | 19. ar-da-at ta-at-ta-ab um-ma ta-ra-asz-szi\\ |
| :: The maiden who . . . will come into the possession of a mother ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: The maiden who . . . will come into the possession of a mother ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| 20. <i>i-za-ak-ka-ar-ši i-ni-ši i-na-ab-bi šu-um-ša</i> | 20. i-za-ak-ka-ar-szi i-ni-szi i-na-ab-bi szu-um-sza\\ |
| :: He will mention her among the women and call out her name ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) | :: He will mention her among the women and call out her name ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 6 === | === Strophe 6 === |
| 21. ''a-ia-um na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-aš i-ša-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um'' | 21. ''a-ia-um na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''\\ |
| :: Who can rival such immensity? ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Who can rival such immensity? ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 22. ''ga-aš-ru ṣi-i-ru šu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-ṣu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-ša'' | 22. ''ga-asz-ru ṣi-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-ṣu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''\\ |
| :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 23. <sup>d</sup>inanna ''na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-aš i-ša-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um'' | 23. <sup>d</sup>inanna ''na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''\\ |
| :: Who can rival the immensity of Ishtar? ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Who can rival the immensity of Ishtar? ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| 24. ''ga-aš-ru ṣi-i-ru šu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-ṣu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-ša'' | 24. ''ga-asz-ru ṣi-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-ṣu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''\\ |
| :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]]) | :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 7 === | === Strophe 7 === |
| 25. <i>bi-a-at i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-uš</i> | 25. bi-a-at i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz\\ |
| :: She is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) | :: She is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) |
| |
| 26. <i>ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-šu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma</i> | 26. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma\\ |
| :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) | :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) |
| |
| 27. <sup>d</sup>inanna <i>i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-uš</i> | 27. <sup>d</sup>inanna i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz\\ |
| :: Ishtar is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) | :: Ishtar is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) |
| |
| 28. <i>ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-šu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma</i> | 28. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma\\ |
| :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) | :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) |
| |
| === Strophe 8 === | === Strophe 8 === |
| 29. <i>šar-ra-as-su<sub>2</sub>-un uš-ta-na-ad-da-nu si-iq-ri-i-ša</i> | 29. szar-ra-as-su<sub>2</sub>-un usz-ta-na-ad-da-nu si-iq-ri-i-sza\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: She is their queen, they discuss her commands (Foster) | :: She is their queen, they discuss her commands (Foster) |
| |
| 30. <i>ku-ul-la-as-su-nu ša-aš ka-am-su-u<sub>2</sub>-ši</i> | 30. ku-ul-la-as-su-nu sza-asz ka-am-su-u<sub>2</sub>-szi\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: All of them bow down before her (Foster) | :: All of them bow down before her (Foster) |
| |
| 31. <i>na-an-na-ri-i-ša i-la-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-ši-im</i> | 31. na-an-na-ri-i-sza i-la-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-szi-im\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: They go to her (in) her radiance, (Foster) | :: They go to her (in) her radiance, (Foster) |
| |
| 32. <i>iš-šu-u<sub>2</sub> u<sub>3</sub> a-wi-lum pa-al-hu-ši-i-ma</i> | 32. isz-szu-u<sub>2</sub> u<sub>3</sub> a-wi-lum pa-al-hu-szi-i-ma\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: Women and man fear her too. (Foster) | :: Women and man fear her too. (Foster) |
| === Strophe 9 === | === Strophe 9 === |
| rev. | rev. |
| 1. (= 33) ''pu-uh-ri-iš-šu-un e-te-el qa<sub>2</sub>-bu-u<sub>2</sub>-ša šu-tu-ur<sub>2</sub>'' | 1. (= 33) ''pu-uh-ri-isz-szu-un e-te-el qa<sub>2</sub>-bu-u<sub>2</sub>-sza szu-tu-ur<sub>2</sub>''\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: In their assembly her utterance is noble, surpassing (Foster) | :: In their assembly her utterance is noble, surpassing (Foster) |
| |
| 2. (= 34) ''a-na an-nim šar-ri-šu-nu ma-la-am aš-ba-as-su-nu'' | 2. (= 34) ''a-na an-nim szar-ri-szu-nu ma-la-am asz-ba-as-su-nu''\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: She is seated among them as an equal to Anu their king (Foster) | :: She is seated among them as an equal to Anu their king (Foster) |
| |
| 3. (= 35) ''uz-na-am ne-me-qi<sub>2</sub>-im ha-si-i-sa-am er-še-et'' | 3. (= 35) ''uz-na-am ne-me-qi<sub>2</sub>-im ha-si-i-sa-am er-sze-et''\\ |
| :: | :: |
| :: She is wise in understanding, reflection, insight. (Foster) | :: She is wise in understanding, reflection, insight. (Foster) |
| |
| 4. (= 36) ''im-ta-al-li-i-ku ši-i u<sub>3</sub> ha-mu-uš'' | 4. (= 36) ''im-ta-al-li-i-ku szi-i u<sub>3</sub> ha-mu-usz'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Together they make their decisions, she and her lord. (Foster) | :: Together they make their decisions, she and her lord. (Foster) |
| |
| === Strophe 10 === | === Strophe 10 === |
| 5. (= 37) ''ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub>-ma iš-ti-ni-iš pa-ra-ak-ka-am'' | 5. (= 37) ''ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub>-ma isz-ti-ni-isz pa-ra-ak-ka-am'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: There they sit together on the dias (Foster) | :: There they sit together on the dias (Foster) |
| |
| 6. (= 38) ''i-ge-e-gu-un-ni-im šu-ba-at re-ša-tim'' | 6. (= 38) ''i-ge-e-gu-un-ni-im szu-ba-at re-sza-tim'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: In the temple chamber, delightful abode, (Foster) | :: In the temple chamber, delightful abode, (Foster) |
| |
| 7. (= 39) ''mu-ut-ti-iš-šu-un i-lu-u<sub>2</sub> na-zu-iz-zu-u<sub>2</sub>'' | 7. (= 39) ''mu-ut-ti-isz-szu-un i-lu-u<sub>2</sub> na-zu-iz-zu-u<sub>2</sub>'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: The gods stand in attendance before them (Foster) | :: The gods stand in attendance before them (Foster) |
| |
| 8. (= 40) ''ep-ši-iš pi<sub>2</sub>-šu-nu ba-ši-a<sub>3</sub>-a uz-na-šu-un'' | 8. (= 40) ''ep-szi-isz pi<sub>2</sub>-szu-nu ba-szi-a<sub>3</sub>-a uz-na-szu-un'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Their ears awaiting what those mouths will command. (Foster) | :: Their ears awaiting what those mouths will command. (Foster) |
| |
| === Strophe 11 === | === Strophe 11 === |
| 9. (= 41) ''šar-ru-um mi-ig-ra-šu-un na-ra-am li-ib-bi-šu-un'' | 9. (= 41) ''szar-ru-um mi-ig-ra-szu-un na-ra-am li-ib-bi-szu-un'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Their favorite king, whom their hearst love most, (Foster) | :: Their favorite king, whom their hearst love most, (Foster) |
| :: Ever offers in splendor his pure offerings (Foster) | :: Ever offers in splendor his pure offerings (Foster) |
| |
| 11. (= 43) ''am-mi-di-ta-na el-la-am ni-qi<sub>2</sub>-i qa-ti-i-šu'' | 11. (= 43) ''am-mi-di-ta-na el-la-am ni-qi<sub>2</sub>-i qa-ti-i-szu'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Ammiditana offers in plenty before them (Foster) | :: Ammiditana offers in plenty before them (Foster) |
| |
| 12. (= 44) ''ma-ah-ri-išu-un u<sub>2</sub>-še-eb-bi-li-i u<sub>3</sub> ia-li na-am-ra-i-i'' | 12. (= 44) ''ma-ah-ri-iszu-un u<sub>2</sub>-sze-eb-bi-li-i u<sub>3</sub> ia-li na-am-ra-i-i'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: His personal, pure libation of cattle and fatted stags. (Foster) | :: His personal, pure libation of cattle and fatted stags. (Foster) |
| |
| === Strophe 12 === | === Strophe 12 === |
| 13. (= 45) ''iš-ti an-nim ha-me-ri-i-ša te-te-er-ša-aš-šu-um'' | 13. (= 45) ''isz-ti an-nim ha-me-ri-i-sza te-te-er-sza-asz-szu-um'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: She has asked of Anu her spouse long life hereafter for him (Foster) | :: She has asked of Anu her spouse long life hereafter for him (Foster) |
| :: Many years of life for Ammiditana (Foster) | :: Many years of life for Ammiditana (Foster) |
| |
| 15. (= 47) ''ma-da-a-tim ša-na-at ba-la-a<sub>3</sub>-ṭi-im a-na am-mi-di-ta-na'' | 15. (= 47) ''ma-da-a-tim sza-na-at ba-la-a<sub>3</sub>-ṭi-im a-na am-mi-di-ta-na'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Has Ishtar rendered to him as her gift (Foster) | :: Has Ishtar rendered to him as her gift (Foster) |
| |
| === Strophe 13 === | === Strophe 13 === |
| 16. (= 48) ''tu-ša-at-li-im'' <sup>d</sup>inanna ''ta-at-ta-di-in'' | 16. (= 48) ''tu-sza-at-li-im'' <sup>d</sup>inanna ''ta-at-ta-di-in'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: By her command she gave him in submission (Foster) | :: By her command she gave him in submission (Foster) |
| |
| 17. (= 49) ''si-iq-ru-uš-ša tu-ša-ak-ni-ša-aš-šu-um'' | 17. (= 49) ''si-iq-ru-usz-sza tu-sza-ak-ni-sza-asz-szu-um'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: The four world regions at his feet (Foster) | :: The four world regions at his feet (Foster) |
| |
| 18. (= 50) ''ki-ib-ra-at ir-be<sub>2</sub>-e-em a-na še-pi<sub>2</sub>-i-šu'' | 18. (= 50) ''ki-ib-ra-at ir-be<sub>2</sub>-e-em a-na sze-pi<sub>2</sub>-i-szu'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: She harnessed the whole of the inhabited world to his yoke (Foster) | :: She harnessed the whole of the inhabited world to his yoke (Foster) |
| |
| === Strophe 14 === | === Strophe 14 === |
| 19. (= 51) ''u<sub>3</sub> na-ap-ha-ar ka-li-šu-nu da-ad-mi'' | 19. (= 51) ''u<sub>3</sub> na-ap-ha-ar ka-li-szu-nu da-ad-mi'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: What she desires, this song for her pleasure (Foster) | :: What she desires, this song for her pleasure (Foster) |
| |
| 20. (= 52) ''ta-aṣ-ṣa-mi-su-nu-ti a-ni-ri-iši-u<sub>2</sub>'' | 20. (= 52) ''ta-aṣ-ṣa-mi-su-nu-ti a-ni-ri-iszi-u<sub>2</sub>'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Is indeed well suited to his mouth (Foster) | :: Is indeed well suited to his mouth (Foster) |
| |
| 21. (= 53) ''bi-be-el li-ib-bi-i-ša za-ma-ar la-le-e-ša'' | 21. (= 53) ''bi-be-el li-ib-bi-i-sza za-ma-ar la-le-e-sza'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: he performed for her Ea's own word(s) (Foster) | :: he performed for her Ea's own word(s) (Foster) |
| |
| 22. (= 54) ''na-ṭu<sub>2</sub>-um-ma a-na pi<sub>2</sub>-i-šu si-iq-ri e<sub>2</sub>-a i-pu-is-si'' | 22. (= 54) ''na-ṭu<sub>2</sub>-um-ma a-na pi<sub>2</sub>-i-szu si-iq-ri e<sub>2</sub>-a i-pu-is-si'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: When he heard this song of her praise, (Foster) | :: When he heard this song of her praise, (Foster) |
| |
| 23. (= 55) ''eš-me-e-ma ta-ni-it-ta-a-ša i-re-us-su'' | 23. (= 55) ''esz-me-e-ma ta-ni-it-ta-a-sza i-re-us-su'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: Saying, "Let him live long," (Foster) | :: Saying, "Let him live long," (Foster) |
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| 24. (= 56) ''li-ib-lu-uṭ-mi šar-ra-šu li-ra-am-šu ad-da-ri-iš'' | 24. (= 56) ''li-ib-lu-uṭ-mi szar-ra-szu li-ra-am-szu ad-da-ri-isz'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: may his (own) king always love him (Foster) | :: may his (own) king always love him (Foster) |
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| === Antiphon === | === Antiphon === |
| 25. (= 57) <sup>d</sup>inanna ''a-na am-mi-di-ta-na šar-ri ra-i-mi-i-ki'' | 25. (= 57) <sup>d</sup>inanna ''a-na am-mi-di-ta-na szar-ri ra-i-mi-i-ki'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: O Ishtar, grant long life enduring to Ammiditana (Foster) | :: O Ishtar, grant long life enduring to Ammiditana (Foster) |
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| 26. (= 58) ''ar-ka-am da-ri-a-am ba-la-ṭa-am šu-ur<sub>2</sub>-ki li-ib-lu-uṭ'' | 26. (= 58) ''ar-ka-am da-ri-a-am ba-la-ṭa-am szu-ur<sub>2</sub>-ki li-ib-lu-uṭ'' |
| :: | :: |
| :: the king who loves you, (long) may he live! (Foster) | :: the king who loves you, (long) may he live! (Foster) |
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| 27. (= 59) giš-gi<sub>4</sub>-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi | 27. (= 59) gisz-gi<sub>4</sub>-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi |
| :: | :: |
| :: Its antiphon (Foster) | :: Its antiphon (Foster) |
| |
| === Lines 1-10 === | === Lines 1-10 === |
| 1. <b><i>ra-šu-ub-ti</i></b> this is probably a form of <i>rašubbatu(m)</i> “Schauder und Ehrfurcht erregendes Aussehen“ = “looks that cause horror and respect” (AHw 962b-963a), although the doubled /b/ would normally prevent a construct form like <i>rašubti</i>. ([[#Strophe 1|Return to text]]) | 1. <b>ra-szu-ub-ti</b> this is probably a form of raszubbatu(m) “Schauder und Ehrfurcht erregendes Aussehen“ = “looks that cause horror and respect” (AHw 962b-963a), although the doubled /b/ would normally prevent a construct form like raszubti. ([[#Strophe 1|Return to text]]) |
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| 2. <b><i>li-it-ta-i-id</i></b> formally either the Gt preterite of na’a:du(m) “aufpassen; sich kümmern” = “to pay attention, to look out; worry about, take care of” (AHw 693a-b) or the Dtn preterite of nâdu “rühmen, preisen” = “to praise” (AHw 705a-b); Foster clearly adopts the latter with his translation of the verb as “let her be praised.” ([[#Strophe 1|Return to text]]) | 2. <b>li-it-ta-i-id</b> formally either the Gt preterite of na’a:du(m) “aufpassen; sich kümmern” = “to pay attention, to look out; worry about, take care of” (AHw 693a-b) or the Dtn preterite of nâdu “rühmen, preisen” = “to praise” (AHw 705a-b); Foster clearly adopts the latter with his translation of the verb as “let her be praised.” ([[#Strophe 1|Return to text]]) |
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| 5. <b><i>ša-at me-le-s,i-im</i></b> von Soden lists <i>me-le-s,i-im</i> as one of only a handful of examples of me:les,u(m) “schwellende Kraft” = “swelling or increasing power” (AHw 643b); it is presumably the <i>mapras</i>-stem of <i>ele:s,u(m)</i> “schwellen; jubeln, jauchzen” = “swell, increase; rejoice, shout for joy” (AHw 200a). The <i>mapras</i>-stem would actually therefore suggest a translation like “she of the joyful place/instrument.”, an interesting ambiguity to say the least. <b><i>ru-’a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am</i></b> <i>ru’amu(m)</i> “Liebreiz (von Frau)” = “charm, attractiveness” (AHw 991a), derived from <i>râmu(m)</i> “to love”. ([[#Strophe 2|Return to text]]) | 5. <b>sza-at me-le-s,i-im</b> von Soden lists me-le-s,i-im as one of only a handful of examples of me:les,u(m) “schwellende Kraft” = “swelling or increasing power” (AHw 643b); it is presumably the mapras-stem of ele:s,u(m) “schwellen; jubeln, jauchzen” = “swell, increase; rejoice, shout for joy” (AHw 200a). The mapras-stem would actually therefore suggest a translation like “she of the joyful place/instrument.”, an interesting ambiguity to say the least. <b>ru-’a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am</b> ru’amu(m) “Liebreiz (von Frau)” = “charm, attractiveness” (AHw 991a), derived from râmu(m) “to love”. ([[#Strophe 2|Return to text]]) |
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| 6. <b><i>za-a’-na-at</i></b> <i>za’a:nu(m)</i> “ausgestattet, geschmückt sein” = “to be furnished; to be adorned, decorated” (AHw 1499a). <b><i>in-bi</i></b> <i>inbu(m)</i> “Frucht; Geschlechtskraft” = “fruit; sexual power, allure” (AHw 381b). <b><i>mi-ki-a-am</i></b> <i>mikûm</i> “verführerischer Reiz (einer Frau)” = “seductive charm (of a woman)” (AHw 652a); apparently a hapax. ([[#Strophe 2|Return to text]]) | 6. <b>za-a’-na-at</b> za’a:nu(m) “ausgestattet, geschmückt sein” = “to be furnished; to be adorned, decorated” (AHw 1499a). <b>in-bi</b> inbu(m) “Frucht; Geschlechtskraft” = “fruit; sexual power, allure” (AHw 381b). <b>mi-ki-a-am</b> mikûm “verführerischer Reiz (einer Frau)” = “seductive charm (of a woman)” (AHw 652a); apparently a hapax. ([[#Strophe 2|Return to text]]) |
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| 9. <b><i>du-uš-šu-pa-at</i></b> <i>duššupu(m)</i> “gesüßt, seh süß” = “sweetened, very sweet” (AHw 179a), but as a denominative D-stem derived from <i>dišpu(m)</i> “honey”, it can simply be translated as “honeyed,” or more idiomatically “dripping with honey.” ([[#Strophe 3|Return to text]]) | 9. <b>du-usz-szu-pa-at</b> duszszupu(m) “gesüßt, seh süß” = “sweetened, very sweet” (AHw 179a), but as a denominative D-stem derived from diszpu(m) “honey”, it can simply be translated as “honeyed,” or more idiomatically “dripping with honey.” ([[#Strophe 3|Return to text]]) |
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| 10. <b><i>si-im-ti-iš-ša</i></b> Formally either <i>si:mtu(m)</i> (derived from <i>sia:mu(m)</i> “to place, to establish,”) or <i>simtu(m)</i> “(Wesens-)Zugehörigkeit, Zugehöriges,” = “belonging to, appropriate to a particular entity” derived from <i>wasa:mu(m) and often equated with Sumerian me-te (AHw 1045)</i>. <b><i>i-ha-an-ni-i-ma</i></b> <i>hana:mum</i> “reichlich anwachsen” = “begin to grow, grow together, take root” (AHw 320a); note as well AHw's listing under <i>hanna:mu</i> “sehr füllig” = “very abundant,” which makes reference to two occurrences of <i>ha-an-na-ma-tu-um-ma</i> in the well-known lists of Old Babylonian lyrics: KAR 158 ii 17 (AHw 321a). Thureau-Dangin translates the line as follows: “Sa parure excite l'admiration,” and then offers a more literal rendering in the footnote: “à sa parure (s')excite l'admiration” ([[#Strophe 3|Return to text]]) | 10. <b>si-im-ti-isz-sza</b> Formally either si:mtu(m) (derived from sia:mu(m) “to place, to establish,”) or simtu(m) “(Wesens-)Zugehörigkeit, Zugehöriges,” = “belonging to, appropriate to a particular entity” derived from wasa:mu(m) and often equated with Sumerian me-te (AHw 1045). <b>i-ha-an-ni-i-ma</b> hana:mum “reichlich anwachsen” = “begin to grow, grow together, take root” (AHw 320a); note as well AHw's listing under hanna:mu “sehr füllig” = “very abundant,” which makes reference to two occurrences of ha-an-na-ma-tu-um-ma in the well-known lists of Old Babylonian lyrics: KAR 158 ii 17 (AHw 321a). Thureau-Dangin translates the line as follows: “Sa parure excite l'admiration,” and then offers a more literal rendering in the footnote: “à sa parure (s')excite l'admiration” ([[#Strophe 3|Return to text]]) |
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| === Lines 11-20 === | === Lines 11-20 === |
| 12. <b><i>šar-ha-at</i></b> <i>šara:hu(m)</i> AHw has two distinct entries for this form: (i) “stolz, prächtig, herrlich sein” = “to be proud, splendid, majestic” and (ii) “herausziehen, auswählen” = “to pull out, to select,” but the former seems to fit the context here. <b><i>ra-mu-u2</i></b> <i>râmu</i> (ass. <i>ria:mu</i>) “(be)schenken” = “to present (a gift), to give.” <b><i>ši-it-a-ra</i></b> <i>šit’a:ru(m) / tit’a:ru</i> “buntfarbig schillernd (Augen)” = “multicolored, iridescent (eyes).” ([[#Strophe 3|Return to text]]) | 12. <b>szar-ha-at</b> szara:hu(m) AHw has two distinct entries for this form: (i) “stolz, prächtig, herrlich sein” = “to be proud, splendid, majestic” and (ii) “herausziehen, auswählen” = “to pull out, to select,” but the former seems to fit the context here. <b>ra-mu-u2</b> râmu (ass. ria:mu) “(be)schenken” = “to present (a gift), to give.” <b>szi-it-a-ra</b> szit’a:ru(m) / tit’a:ru “buntfarbig schillernd (Augen)” = “multicolored, iridescent (eyes).” ([[#Strophe 3|Return to text]]) |
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| 16. <b><i>bu-a-ru-u2</i></b> <i>bu’a:ru(m)</i> “Heiterkeit” = “cheerfulness, serenity” (AHw 135a). <i>baštu(m)</i> “Scham; Lebenskraft” = “shame; vitality“ (AHw 112a). <i>mašrahu:</i> (plural tantum) “blühende Gesundheit” = “blossoming good health” (AHw 629a), apparently a hapax legomenon. ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) | 16. <b>bu-a-ru-u2</b> bu’a:ru(m) “Heiterkeit” = “cheerfulness, serenity” (AHw 135a). basztu(m) “Scham; Lebenskraft” = “shame; vitality“ (AHw 112a). maszrahu: (plural tantum) “blühende Gesundheit” = “blossoming good health” (AHw 629a), apparently a hapax legomenon. ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) |
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| 17. <b>''ta-ar-ta-mi''</b> “whispers” as suggested by von Soden 1977), 279; otherwise “mutual loves” according to Foster (2005, 88), but CAD T takes it as a predicate, translating this line: “she (Ištar) loves obedience, mutual love, and good will” (sub ''tešmû''). <b>''te-eš-me-e''</b> “compliance (with a god's or ruler's will), acceptance (of prayers) CAD T, p. 374. <b>''ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi''</b> ''ritu:mu(m)'' “gegenseitige Liebeserweisung” = “mutual or reciprocal display of love” (AHw 991a). ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) | 17. <b>''ta-ar-ta-mi''</b> “whispers” as suggested by von Soden 1977), 279; otherwise “mutual loves” according to Foster (2005, 88), but CAD T takes it as a predicate, translating this line: “she (Isztar) loves obedience, mutual love, and good will” (sub ''teszmû''). <b>''te-esz-me-e''</b> “compliance (with a god's or ruler's will), acceptance (of prayers) CAD T, p. 374. <b>''ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi''</b> ''ritu:mu(m)'' “gegenseitige Liebeserweisung” = “mutual or reciprocal display of love” (AHw 991a). ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) |
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| 18. <b>''mi-it-gu-ra-am''</b> ''mitga:ru(m)'' “sehr günstig” = “very favorable,” but written ŠE.GA, which should mean something like “agreeable, complaisant” (AHw 661b). ([[#Strophe 4|Return to text]]) | 18. <b>''mi-it-gu-ra-am''</b> ''mitga:ru(m)'' “sehr günstig” = “very favorable,” but written ŠE.GA, which should mean something like “agreeable, complaisant” (AHw 661b). ([[#Strophe 4|Return to text]]) |
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| 19. <b>''ta-ra-aš-ši''</b> ''rašû'' “bekommen, erhalten, erwerben” = “to get, to receive, to win.” ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) | 19. <b>''ta-ra-asz-szi''</b> ''raszû'' “bekommen, erhalten, erwerben” = “to get, to receive, to win.” ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) |
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| 20. <b>''i-ni-ši''</b> Foster includes a note on the line as follows: “Construing ''i-ni-ši'' as ''in(a) išši''. For ''iššu'' without a doubled consonant, compare ''i-ši-i'' in line 4” (Foster 2005, 88); ''iššu'' “Frau, Weib” = ”woman, female.” ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) | 20. <b>''i-ni-szi''</b> Foster includes a note on the line as follows: “Construing ''i-ni-szi'' as ''in(a) iszszi''. For ''iszszu'' without a doubled consonant, compare ''i-szi-i'' in line 4” (Foster 2005, 88); ''iszszu'' “Frau, Weib” = ”woman, female.” ([[#Strophe 5|Return to text]]) |
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| === Lines 21-30 === | === Lines 21-30 === |
| 25. <b>''bi-a-at''</b> With respect to this word, Foster has the following note: “I follow here von Soden's emendation to ''ša<sup>!</sup>-at'', ZA 40 (1931), 195 note 4. Collation shows the copy to be exact. Hecker's proposal, ''Epik'', 79 note 2, ''ga<sup>!</sup>-sa<sup>!</sup>-at'', seems to me less likely because of the parallelism of the lines, which resembles that of ii (Foster 2005, 88). ([[#Strophe 7|Return to text]]) | 25. <b>''bi-a-at''</b> With respect to this word, Foster has the following note: “I follow here von Soden's emendation to ''sza<sup>!</sup>-at'', ZA 40 (1931), 195 note 4. Collation shows the copy to be exact. Hecker's proposal, ''Epik'', 79 note 2, ''ga<sup>!</sup>-sa<sup>!</sup>-at'', seems to me less likely because of the parallelism of the lines, which resembles that of ii (Foster 2005, 88). ([[#Strophe 7|Return to text]]) |
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| 26. In a discussion of spirantization of /k/ to /h/, Moshe Held writes in reference to this line: “For other examples [of spirantization of k] see most recently Kraus, <i>Edikt</i>, p. 175. Note the parallelism <i>kabtat</i> / <i>habtat</i> in the OB hymn to Ishtar (RA, 22, p. 170, lines 26, 28) <i>kabtat amassa elšunu habtat</i> “Weighty is her command; she is more important than they.” We assume that the variant <i>habtat</i> (for <i>kabtat</i>) is due to its position in the sentence (‘sandhi’)” (Held 1961, 12). ([[#Strophe 7|Return to text]]) | 26. In a discussion of spirantization of /k/ to /h/, Moshe Held writes in reference to this line: “For other examples [of spirantization of k] see most recently Kraus, Edikt, p. 175. Note the parallelism kabtat / habtat in the OB hymn to Ishtar (RA, 22, p. 170, lines 26, 28) kabtat amassa elszunu habtat “Weighty is her command; she is more important than they.” We assume that the variant habtat (for kabtat) is due to its position in the sentence (‘sandhi’)” (Held 1961, 12). ([[#Strophe 7|Return to text]]) |
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| == Bibliography == | == Bibliography == |
| *Held, Moshe. 1961. A Faithful Lover in an Old Babylonian Dialogue. <i>Journal of Cuneiform Studies</i> 15(1): 1-26. | *Held, Moshe. 1961. A Faithful Lover in an Old Babylonian Dialogue. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 15(1): 1-26. |
| *Thureau-Dangin, F. 1925. Un hymne à Ištar de la haute époque babylonienne. <i>Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale</i> 22(4): 169-177. | *Thureau-Dangin, F. 1925. Un hymne à Isztar de la haute époque babylonienne. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale 22(4): 169-177. |
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| == Links == | == Links == |
