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| This changes, however, (when?) with some archaic tablets of Ur in which the columns used to partition tablets become the same size. (other things?) The leveling of non-linguistic content corresponds to a development in linguistic content. Here is where the cuneiform writing system as we know it emerges, as we begin to find other, non-economic documents, with expressions reflecting the grammar and syntax of Sumerian. By 2700 we find royal inscriptions in Babylonia, and letters around 2400 BC (Michalowski apud Cooper). | This changes, however, (when?) with some archaic tablets of Ur in which the columns used to partition tablets become the same size. (other things?) The leveling of non-linguistic content corresponds to a development in linguistic content. Here is where the cuneiform writing system as we know it emerges, as we begin to find other, non-economic documents, with expressions reflecting the grammar and syntax of Sumerian. By 2700 we find royal inscriptions in Babylonia, and letters around 2400 BC (Michalowski apud Cooper). | ||
| - | ^ Prehistory - 3400 BC | | + | ^ ^ Characteristics ^ example | |
| - | ^ 3400 BC - 3300 BC | | | + | ^ Prehistory - 3400 BC |Small tokens of various shapes, presumably in one-to-one correspondence with counted commodities such as animals and jars. | | |
| - | ^ 3300 BC - 3250 BC | | | + | ^ 3400 BC - 3300 BC |Small tokens now contained in clay bullae, with impressions of the tokens made on the outer surface and often sealed with a pictographic impression. |
| - | ^ 3250 BC - 3200 BC | | | + | ^ 3300 BC - 3250 BC |Now in addition, flat and rounded clay tablets with token impressions and impressions from a round stylus found. Metrological systems and bundling steps not consistently employed |
| - | ^ 3200 BC | + | ^ 3250 BC - 3200 BC |Flat and rectangular-shaped tablets. Metrological systems and bundling steps employed. |
| - | ^ 3200 BC - 3100 BC | | | + | ^ 3200 BC |Tablets now accompanied by a few ideograms referring to the objects counted or persons involved in transaction. Additionally, |
| - | ^ 3100 BC - 3000 BC | | | + | ^ 3200 BC - 3100 BC |Uruk IVa. Proto-cuneiform. Ca. 900 sign repertory used in documenting transactions. Tablets often divided into multiple columns, rows, or cases, and could indicate subtotals. Multiple, specialized metrologies and bundling steps employed. Beginning of lexical list tradition, including Lu2 A. Possible use of rebus principle and indication of grammatical morphemes. |
| - | ^ 2800 BC - 2700 BC | | | + | ^ 3100 BC - 3000 BC |Uruk III. Most complex stage of proto-cuneiform. More categories of products recorded. Timekeeping system indicated. Tablets can have multi-leveled cases. More lexical lists created or canonized. Archaic City Seal. Possible example of literature in the Tribute List. |[[http:// |
| + | ^ 2800 BC - 2600 BC |Early Dynastic I & II period. Archaic texts of Ur. Multi-level case-system replaced by columns of uniform width. Simplified numerical notations. Evidence of Sumerian language in writing. Production of new lexical lists stops.|[[http:// | ||
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| + | ^ 2600 BC - 2500 BC |Early Dynastic IIIa (Fara) period. Clear evidence of Sumerian as well as Akkadian language scribes writing texts of multiple genres, including literature. | | | | ||
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| + | ^2500 BC - 2350 BC |Early Dynastic IIIb (Lagash I) period. Royal inscriptions found. Linearly ordered sentences indicating Sumerian verbal morphology and case markers. | | | | ||
| == Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
